Abstract: In an embodiment of the present invention, a proton conductive oxide fuel cell comprising an electrode substrate, a proton conductive oxide electrolyte layer positioned on the electrode substrate, a proton conductive oxide reaction prevention layer positioned on the electrolyte layer, and a proton conductive oxide air electrode layer positioned on the reaction prevention layer, wherein the reaction prevention layer is composed of ABO3-? structured perovskite proton conductive oxide, may be provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first nanosheet structure having a first width, a second nanosheet structure having a second width and a diffusion break pattern disposed between the first and second nanosheet structures in a first direction. A first epitaxial pattern is disposed between the first nanosheet structure and the diffusion break pattern and is in direct contact therewith. A second epitaxial pattern is disposed between the second nanosheet structure and the diffusion break pattern and is in direct contact therewith. At least one of imaginary first lines connecting a first contact point of an end portion between the diffusion break pattern and the first epitaxial pattern and a second contact point at an end portion between the diffusion break pattern and the second epitaxial pattern extends to have an angle less than about 30 degrees with respect to the first direction.