Abstract: Methods of performing assays with long lifetime compounds are disclosed. The long lifetime compounds have a lifetime of 4 ns or longer and relate to the structure: Linked reactive groups or conjugated substances may generally be located at Ra, Rb, or Rc. Adjacent substituents Ra and Rb may form a substituted, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group with one ring nitrogen. Re and Rf may both be H, Re may be a sulfo group, or adjacent substituents Re and Rf may form a cyclic ring structure. The long lifetime compounds contain at least one sulfo group and at least one ionic group, reactive group, or conjugated substance.

Abstract: Luminescent labels based on aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, including reactive intermediates used to synthesize these compounds, and methods of synthesizing and using these reporter compounds. These labels combine high photostabilities, large Stokes' shifts and contain a pyrimidinium moiety as a water-soluble group. These luminescent compounds relate generally to the following structure: The methods relate generally to the synthesis and/or use of reporter compounds for fluorescence lifetime or fluorescence polarization based applications.

Abstract: Luminescent labels based on aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, including reactive intermediates used to synthesize these compounds, and methods of synthesizing and using these reporter compounds. These labels combine high photostabilities, large Stokes' shifts and contain a pyrimidinium moiety as a water-soluble group. These luminescent compounds relate generally to the following structure: The methods relate generally to the synthesis and/or use of reporter compounds for fluorescence lifetime or fluorescence polarization based applications.