Abstract: A device is disclosed. The device includes a plurality of pixels disposed over a first surface of a semiconductor layer. The device includes a device layer disposed over the first surface. The device includes metallization layers disposed over the device layer. One of the metallization layers, closer to the first surface than any of other ones of the metallization layers, includes at least one conductive structure. The device includes an oxide layer disposed over a second surface of the semiconductor layer, the second surface being opposite to the first surface, the oxide layer also lining a recess that extends through the semiconductor layer. The device includes a spacer layer disposed between inner sidewalls of the recess and the oxide layer. The device includes a pad structure extending through the oxide layer and the device layer to be in physical contact with the at least one conductive structure.

Abstract: Optical devices and methods of manufacture are presented in which a mirror structure is utilized to transmit and receive optical signals to and from an optical device. In embodiments the mirror structure receives optical signals from outside of an optical device and directs the optical signals through at least one mirror to an optical component of the optical device.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator includes an input circuit, a first current supply circuit, a second current supply circuit, a filtering circuit, and an oscillating circuit. The input circuit includes an operational amplifier and a first input transistor. The operational amplifier generates an output voltage according to an input voltage and a feedback voltage. The first input transistor generates an input current according to the output voltage and a power supply voltage. The first current supply circuit generates a first output current according to the input current. The second current supply circuit generates a second output current according to the input current. The filtering circuit couples to the input circuit and the second current supply circuit, and decrease an influence caused by a variation of the input current on the second current supply circuit. The oscillating circuit generates an output clock according to the first output current and the second output current.

Abstract: A nano-FET and a method of forming is provided. In some embodiments, a nano-FET includes an epitaxial source/drain region contacting ends of a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure. The epitaxial source/drain region may include a first semiconductor material layer of a first semiconductor material, such that the first semiconductor material layer includes a first segment contacting the first nanostructure and a second segment contacting the second nanostructure, wherein the first segment is separated from the second segment. A second semiconductor material layer is formed over the first segment and the second segment. The second semiconductor material layer may include a second semiconductor material having a higher concentration of dopants of a first conductivity type than the first semiconductor material layer. The second semiconductor material layer may have a lower concentration percentage of silicon than the first semiconductor material layer.

Abstract: A multi-phase power converter includes at least two power conversion circuits and a control signal generation unit. Each power conversion circuit includes a switch bridge arm formed by an upper switch and a lower switch connected in series. The control signal generation unit receives an output current of the multi-phase power converter and acquires a loading condition of the multi-phase power converter according to the output current, and provides control signals for each upper switch and each lower switch. The control signal generation unit correspondingly turns on or turns off the upper switches and the lower switches according to the loading condition being a light-loading condition so that the at least two switch bridge arms are alternately driven.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a substrate and a first epitaxial source/drain feature extending into the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor structure includes a first doped region located in the semiconductor layer below the first epitaxial source/drain feature. The first doped region includes a dopant at a first concentration. The semiconductor structure includes a second epitaxial source/drain feature extending into the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor structure includes a second doped region located in the semiconductor layer below the second epitaxial source/drain feature. The second doped region includes the dopant at a second concentration that is less than the first concentration.

Abstract: An electromagnetic interference suppression method for at least one power supply is provided. Each of the at least one power supply includes a first conversion circuit and a second conversion circuit. The first conversion circuit receives an input voltage and outputs a first output voltage. The second conversion circuit receives the first output voltage and outputs a load current. If the input voltage received by the first conversion circuit of the at least one power supply is a DC voltage, an electromagnetic interference suppression operation is performed. Then, the electromagnetic interference suppression operation is performed to determine whether the load current is greater than a preset current and lower than an upper current limit. If the determining condition is satisfied, the first output voltage is dynamically adjusted, and a peak-peak value of the first output voltage is not zero with the varying load current.

Abstract: A resonant converter converts a DC voltage into an output voltage. The resonant converter includes a transformer, a primary-side circuit, and a control module. The primary-side circuit receives the DC voltage, and includes a resonant circuit. The resonant circuit is coupled to the primary-side winding to form a resonant module. The control module is coupled to the primary-side circuit, and controls the primary-side circuit to convert the DC voltage so as to generate a winding voltage at two ends of the resonant module. When the control module detects that an output current of the resonant converter is in a current interval between a predetermined current and a rated current, the control module adjusts a duty cycle of the winding voltage with a variation.

Abstract: A method includes: generating a designed mask overlay mark associated with an actual mask overlay mark to be formed in a mask; forming the actual mask overlay mark in the mask based on the designed mask overlay mark, the actual mask overlay mark including a plurality of overlay patterns; forming a device feature pattern adjacent to the actual mask overlay mark; forming an alignment of the mask by a mask metrology apparatus including a light source having a wavelength and a numerical aperture, wherein a pitch between adjacent two of the plurality of overlay patterns does not exceed the wavelength divided by twice the numerical aperture; and forming a pattern in a layer of a wafer by transferring the device feature pattern while the mask is under the alignment.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a substrate, a semiconductor device, and a ring structure. The semiconductor device disposed on the substrate. The ring structure disposed on the substrate and surrounds the semiconductor device. The ring structure includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion bonded to the substrate. The second portion connects to the first portion. A cavity is between the second portion and the substrate.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments for redistribution layers of integrated circuit components are disclosed. The redistribution layers of integrated circuit components of the present disclosure include one or more arrays of conductive contacts that are configured and arranged to allow a bonding wave to displace air between the redistribution layers during bonding. This configuration and arrangement of the one or more arrays minimize discontinuities, such as pockets of air to provide an example, between the redistribution layers during the bonding.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a conductive wire having a metal portion with openings. The openings include a first opening and a second opening arranged along a first direction, and the metal portion includes the first to fourth extending portions and the first to fourth joint portions. The first opening is surrounded by the first extending portion, the second extending portion, the first joint portion, and the second joint portion. The second opening is surrounded by the third extending portion, the fourth extending portion, the third joint portion, and the fourth joint portion. Along the first direction, a ratio of a first width sum of widths of the first extending portion, the second extending portion, the third extending portion, and the fourth extending portion to a second width sum of widths of the first joint portion and the third joint portion is in a range from 0.8 to 1.2.

Abstract: A UV LED reactor includes a housing having an inlet, an outlet and a reactor chamber; a UV LED module mounted to the housing configured to emit UV radiation into the reactor chamber having a selected wavelength range and with a selected energy (E); and a heatsink on the UV LED module configured to dissipate heat generated by the UV LED module. The heatsink on the UV LED module includes one or more surfaces in thermal communication or physical contact with the fluid, which improves the efficiency of heat transfer from the heatsink to the fluid and eliminates the need for cooling fans. The UV LED reactor can also include a UV transparent inner tube mounted to the inlet for generating a double UV exposure flow path through the reactor chamber. The UV LED reactor can also include a UV reflective coating on the sidewalls of the housing, or on a separate tube or sleeve mounted to the housing, configured to reflect UV radiation onto the fluid in the reactor chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for generating an elastic stiffness map for a volume of an ophthalmic tissue of an eye of a patient. Exemplary systems and methods involve a laser assembly, an optical scanning assembly, an objective lens assembly, a beam control assembly, an eye camera assembly, and a Brillouin spectrometer assembly. Systems and methods can operate to transmit x,y coordinate scan control signals to the optical scanning assembly, transmit z coordinate scan control signals to the objective lens assembly, and generate the elastic stiffness map for the volume of the ophthalmic tissue of the eye based on Brillouin signals generated by a Brillouin spectrometer of the Brillouin spectrometer assembly.

Abstract: A bridge converter converts an input voltage into an output voltage, and includes a switching circuit, a transformer, a rectifying circuit, and a control module. The switching circuit includes a first switch and a second switch. The control module sets a first time period and a second time period. The control module provides a first control signal and a second control signal to control the switching circuit based on the output voltage. The control module fixes an operation frequency of the first control signal and the second control signal at the maximum frequency based on that the control module is set in a standby mode, and provides the first control signal and the second control signal in the first time period, and shields the first control signal and the second control signal in the second time period.

Abstract: A power converter includes a power factor correction (PFC) circuit and a controller. The controller acquires a switching frequency based on an instantaneous value of the input voltage, and acquires an upper limit frequency and a lower limit frequency based on an effective value of an input current. When the controller determines that the effective value is greater than a medium load threshold, an operation mode of the PFC circuit is switched from a critical conduction mode or a triangular current mode to a continuous conduction mode based on the switching frequency being less than the lower limit frequency, and to limit the switching frequency to the lower limit frequency. Furthermore, the controller adjusts the lower limit frequency between a first lower limit frequency and a second lower limit frequency based on the increase or decrease of the effective value.

Abstract: A power converter with reduced power consumption receives an input voltage and provides an output voltage to supply power to a load. The power converter includes a power factor correction circuit, a driver circuit, and a controller. The power factor correction circuit includes at least one inductor and an output capacitor. When the controller determines that an effective value of an input current is correspondingly lower than a current lower limit, a specific time period starts based on the output voltage reaching a voltage lower limit, and the specific time period ends based on the output voltage reaching a voltage upper limit. In the specific time period, the controller enables the driver circuit based on the input current being correspondingly greater than a predetermined threshold so as to continuously transfer the energy stored in the at least one inductor to the output capacitor.

Abstract: A bridge converter converts an input voltage into an output voltage, and includes a switching circuit, a transformer, a rectifying circuit, and a control module. The switching circuit includes a first switch and a second switch. The control module sets a first time period and a second time period. The control module provides a first control signal and a second control signal to control the switching circuit based on the output voltage. The control module fixes an operation frequency of the first control signal and the second control signal at the maximum frequency based on that the control module is set in a standby mode, and provides the first control signal and the second control signal in the first time period, and shields the first control signal and the second control signal in the second time period.

Abstract: An LLC resonant converter includes a transformer and a primary-side circuit coupled to the transformer. The primary-side circuit includes a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, and a control unit. The first bridge arm includes a first switch and a second switch, and the second bridge arm includes a third switch and a fourth switch. The control unit provides a first control signal to control the first switch and provides a fourth control signal to control the fourth switch. The control unit adjusts a switching frequency of the first control signal and the fourth control signal according to an output voltage. When the switching frequency increases to a frequency threshold value, the switching frequency is controlled to be fixed at the frequency threshold, and the first control signal and the fourth control signal are controlled to have a variable phase difference.

Abstract: An LLC resonance converter includes a switching circuit, a resonance tank, a transformer, a synchronous rectification unit, and a control unit. The switching circuit includes a first switch controlled by a first control signal and a second switch controlled by a second control signal. The synchronous rectification unit includes a first synchronous rectification switch controlled by a first rectification control signal and a second synchronous rectification switch controlled by a second rectification control signal. The first control signal, the first rectification control signal, the second control signal, and the second rectification control signal include an operation frequency and a phase shift amount. When the operating frequency is lower to a specific value or the phase shift amount is higher to a specific value, the control unit fixes one of them to extend a hold-up time of the LLC resonance converter.