Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure are directed to non-invasive or essentially non-invasive electrode structures, assemblies, and devices for sensing neural signals carried or produced by peripheral nerves, and/or applying stimulation signals to peripheral nerves. Electrode structures, assemblies, and devices in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure include (a) flexible epineural strip electrode structures having one or more elongate electrode-carrying strips that can be adhered (e.g.