Abstract: A recombinant vector according to an embodiment is for genome editing without inserting a replicon into the plant genome in a T0 generation plant. The recombinant vector includes a geminivirus-based replicon between the sequence of LB (left border) and sequence of RB (right border) of Ti plasmid. A method of genome editing without inserting a replicon into the plant genome in a T0 generation plant according to an embodiment includes transforming a plant cell by inserting a foreign gene to the aforementioned recombinant vector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for accelerating file I/O offload for a unikernel. The method, performed by the apparatus and server for accelerating file I/O offload for the unikernel, includes; executing, by the apparatus, an application in the unikernal and calling, by the thread of the application, a file I/O function; generating, by the unikernal, a file I/O offload request using the file I/O function; transmitting, by the unikernal, the file I/O offload request to Linux of the server; receiving, by Linux, the file offload request from the thread of the unikernel and processing, by Linux, the file I/O offload request; transmitting, by Linux, a file FO offload result for the file I/O I/O offload request to the unikernel; and delivering the file I/O offload result to the thread of the application.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of processing input and output in a multi-kernel system. A method of processing input and output in a multi-kernel system according to the present disclosure includes: setting a shared memory between a first kernel on a main processor and a lightweight kernel on a parallel processor; setting a data transmission and reception channel between the first kernel on the main processor and the lightweight kernel on the parallel processor using the shared memory; providing, on the basis of the data transmission and reception channel, an input/output task that occurs in the lightweight kernel to the first kernel on the main processor; processing, by the first kernel on the main processor, an operation corresponding to the input/output task; and providing a result of the processing to the lightweight kernel.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing to support scalability in a many-core environment are provided. The processing apparatus includes: a counter unit configured to include a global reference counter, at least one category reference counter configured to access the global reference counter, and at least one local reference counter configured to access the category reference counter; and a processor connected to the counter unit and configured to increase or decrease each reference counter. The at least one category reference counter has a hierarchical structure including at least one layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an operating method of an apparatus for offloading file I/O of a unikernel based on Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA). The operating method may include calling, by the application of the unikernel, a file I/O kernel function; generating, by the file I/O kernel function, file I/O information; transmitting, by the unikernel, the file I/O information to a Linux; configuring, by the Linux, a file I/O function using the file I/O information and calling the same; and transmitting, by the file I/O function, a file I/O request, corresponding to the file I/O information, to a file server.

Abstract: Scheduling threads in a system with many cores includes generating a thread map where a connection relationship between a plurality of threads is represented by a frequency of inter-process communication (IPC) between threads, generating a core map where a connection relationship between a plurality of cores is represented by a hop between cores, and respectively allocating the plurality of threads to the plurality of cores defined by the core map, based on a thread allocation policy defining a mapping rule between the thread map and the core map.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of processing input and output in a multi-kernel system. A method of processing input and output in a multi-kernel system according to the present disclosure includes: setting a shared memory between a first kernel on a main processor and a lightweight kernel on a parallel processor; setting a data transmission and reception channel between the first kernel on the main processor and the lightweight kernel on the parallel processor using the shared memory; providing, on the basis of the data transmission and reception channel, an input/output task that occurs in the lightweight kernel to the first kernel on the main processor; processing, by the first kernel on the main processor, an operation corresponding to the input/output task; and providing a result of the processing to the lightweight kernel.

Abstract: Provided is a many-core system including a resource unit including a resource needed for execution of an operating system and a resource needed for execution of a lightweight kernel, a programing constructing unit configured to convert an input program into an application program and to load the application program into the resource unit, a run-time management unit configured to manage a running environment for executing the application program, and a self-organization management unit configured to monitor the application program and the resources in the resource unit, to dynamically adjust the running environment to prevent a risk factor from occurring during the execution of the application program, and to cure a risk factor which occurred.

Abstract: Provided is a method of scheduling threads in a many-cores system. The method includes generating a thread map where a connection relationship between a plurality of threads is represented by a frequency of inter-process communication (IPC) between threads, generating a core map where a connection relationship between a plurality of cores is represented by a hop between cores, and respectively allocating the plurality of threads to the plurality of cores defined by the core map, based on a thread allocation policy defining a mapping rule between the thread map and the core map.

Abstract: Disclosed are a multi-screen display system and a method of correcting a time synchronization of image signals respectively played by unit display panels. The multi-screen display system includes a multi-screen display apparatus configured to include a plurality of unit display panels and a timing sensing apparatus configured to sense, outside the multi-screen display apparatus, time synchronization information about the unit image frames respectively played by the unit display panels. The timing sensing apparatus calculates a time synchronization error between the unit image frames respectively played by the unit display panels, based on the time synchronization information, and transmits the time synchronization error to the multi-screen display apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a data transmitting and receiving method in which a display apparatus connectable to a wireless network transmits and receives data to and from a user terminal by using a pointing apparatus. The data transmitting and receiving method includes (a) acquiring position information of a region, pointed by the pointing apparatus, in the display apparatus and (b) transmitting data, corresponding to an object displayed in the region on a screen of the display apparatus, to the user terminal by using the pointing apparatus.

Abstract: A DRM technique interoperability system includes an exporter and an importer. The exporter cancels the DRM technique from the contents to which the DRM technique of a DRM device is applied to generate a contents stream, generates a plurality of packets from the contents stream, and transmits the packets to the importer. The importer receives a plurality of packets from the exporter, generates a contents stream from the plurality of packets, applies a DRM technique of a second DRM device to the contents stream, and provides it to the second DRM device.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving digital signage contents, which is capable of easily transmitting and receiving digital signage contents using a smartphone's application, is disclosed. According to an aspect, the method of transmitting and receiving digital signage contents includes: executing an application; transmitting a message for requesting digital signage contents displayed on a digital signage display device to a digital signage manager through the application; receiving the digital signage contents from the digital signage manager; and outputting the received digital signage contents. Accordingly, a user may easily and quickly receive digital signage contents using a smartphone's application, and also, a plurality of users may simultaneously use the same digital signage contents through their terminals. In addition, it is possible to objectively determine the degrees of users' concern and preference about advertisements and digital signage contents.

Abstract: Methods for Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000 encoding and decoding based on a graphic processing unit (GPU) are provided. The method for JPEG2000 encoding based on a GPU includes receiving input image data from a central processing unit (CPU), encoding the image data, and transferring the encoded image data to the CPU.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for generating digital cinema content and an apparatus and method for playing digital cinema content. The method of playing digital cinema content using a digital cinema package (DCP) including frame data having a first resolution and length information about frame data having a second resolution lower than the first resolution, and a key delivery message (KDM) includes obtaining a material exchange format (MXF) file and a decryption key by parsing the DCP and the KDM, extracting an encrypted triplet from the MXF file, extracting the length information about the second-resolution frame data using the encrypted triplet and the decryption key, decrypting an amount of data required to decrypt the second-resolution frame data in the first-resolution frame data using the length information about the second-resolution frame data, and decoding the decrypted second-resolution frame data.

Abstract: A rate control method per block for a video encoder, includes estimating an average bit rate of a block; and determining a variation of a quantization coefficient such that an objective function based on the difference between an objective bit rate and the estimated average bit rate is minimized.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for generating digital cinema content and an apparatus and method for playing digital cinema content. The method of playing digital cinema content using a digital cinema package (DCP) including frame data having a first resolution and length information about frame data having a second resolution lower than the first resolution, and a key delivery message (KDM) includes obtaining a material exchange format (MXF) file and a decryption key by parsing the DCP and the KDM, extracting an encrypted triplet from the MXF file, extracting the length information about the second-resolution frame data using the encrypted triplet and the decryption key, decrypting an amount of data required to decrypt the second-resolution frame data in the first-resolution frame data using the length information about the second-resolution frame data, and decoding the decrypted second-resolution frame data.

Abstract: A group key management method for secure multicast communication includes: creating a tree having a root node, internal nodes and leaf nodes to manage group keys of a receiver group by a group key management server; generating user keys of all nodes excluding the root node in the tree on the basis of Chinese Remainder Theorem; assigning the leaf nodes of the tree to users of the receiver group; and sending the user keys of the leaf nodes to the corresponding users for group key management. Further, the group key management method for secure multicast communication includes generating group keys of all non-leaf nodes; computing a solution of congruence equations based on the user key and group key by using Chinese Remainder Theorem for each non-leaf node; and multicasting a group key update message to each user of the respective leaf nodes.

Abstract: A rate control method per block for a video encoder, includes estimating an average bit rate of a block; and determining a variation of a quantization coefficient such that an objective function based on the difference between an objective bit rate and the estimated average bit rate is minimized.

Abstract: A DRM technique interoperability system includes an exporter and an importer. The exporter cancels the DRM technique from the contents to which the DRM technique of a DRM device is applied to generate a contents stream, generates a plurality of packets from the contents stream, and transmits the packets to the importer. The importer receives a plurality of packets from the exporter, generates a contents stream from the plurality of packets, applies a DRM technique of a second DRM device to the contents stream, and provides it to the second DRM device.