Abstract: A method of certificating a message, terminal thereof and system thereof are disclosed. By the present invention, in transmitting various messages via a prescribed communication service, a validity of the message is certificated. By the present invention, without checking contents of a message, a recipient can confirm whether a received message is sent from a valid originator or whether the received message is a valid message.

Abstract: A structure and method of a semiconductor device with liner air gaps next to interconnects and dielectric layers. A dielectric layer is formed over a lower dielectric layer and a lower interconnect over a substrate. We form an interconnect opening in the dielectric layer. The opening has sidewalls of the dielectric layer. A sacrificial liner is formed over the sidewalls of the interconnect opening. An upper interconnect is formed that fills the opening. We remove the sacrificial liner/spacers to form (air) liner gaps.