Abstract: Disclosed are a transparent electrode for a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The transparent electrode for a solar cell has a low Young's modulus, excellent elasticity, self-healing properties, an average visible-light transmittance sufficient to implement bifacial properties, and excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, the method of manufacturing the transparent electrode for a solar cell does not require an additional deposition process, so the electrode-manufacturing time can be reduced, and the electrode-manufacturing process can be performed separately from other solar-cell-manufacturing processes, which is advantageous for mass production and large-area application.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for forming a hole transport layer of a light-transmitting solar cell, a method for manufacturing the light-transmitting solar cell, and a light-transmitting solar cell manufactured thereby. The light-transmitting solar cell manufactured with the composition for forming the hole transport layer may have excellent durability and therefore, not only deposit a transparent electrode, which is an upper electrode, without damage even without buffer layer, thereby reducing the process cost but also deposit the transparent electrode without damage by using a general sputter equipment even without using an expensive special sputter equipment.

Abstract: Disclosed are a transparent electrode for a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The transparent electrode for a solar cell has a low Young's modulus, excellent elasticity, self-healing properties, an average visible-light transmittance sufficient to implement bifacial properties, and excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, the method of manufacturing the transparent electrode for a solar cell does not require an additional deposition process, so the electrode-manufacturing time can be reduced, and the electrode-manufacturing process can be performed separately from other solar-cell-manufacturing processes, which is advantageous for mass production and large-area application.

Abstract: A radiation heater for a vehicle includes a plurality of heating layers spaced apart from each other by a predetermined division pattern on a substrate made of an insulating material, and a pair of electrodes attached to each heating layer. In addition, the pair of electrodes include a center electrode attached to a central portion of the heating layer, and a peripheral electrode attached to a portion of the heating layer adjacent to an edge thereof. The plurality of heating layers are made of a carbon-family material or carbon-based material, and the center electrode and the peripheral electrode are also made of a carbon-family material or carbon-based material.