Abstract: A memory device includes a memory cell array including memory cells arranged in a plurality of rows; an ECC engine configured to detect an error in first data that is read from the memory cell array in response to a read command and a read address, to output a first error occurrence signal, and to correct the error in the first data; a row fail detector configured to output a fail row address, which indicates a fail row among the plurality of rows; and a flag generator configured to receive the read address, the first error occurrence signal, and the fail row address, and to generate a decoding state flag, which indicates whether an error is detected and whether an error is corrected, and a fail row flag, which indicates that a read row address included in the read address is the fail row address.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus includes a mobile portion, a cabin housing that is mounted to the mobile portion and defines a first space and a second space, and an air-conditioning apparatus installed in the second space and configured to cool or heat the first space, where a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator are modularized in the air-conditioning apparatus.

Abstract: A refrigerant circulating apparatus of a vehicle includes a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant, at least one heat-exchanger configured to exchange with the refrigerant, at least one valve configured to selectively provide the refrigerant to the at least one heat-exchanger, a bracket that supports the compressor, and a fluid line plate that is coupled to the bracket and disposed adjacent to the at least one heat-exchanger and the at least one valve. The fluid line plate includes a plurality of fluid lines defined inside the fluid line plate and configured to provide the refrigerant to the at least one heat-exchanger based on operation of the at least one valve.

Abstract: A refrigerant circulating apparatus of a vehicle includes a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant, at least one heat-exchanger configured to heat-exchange the refrigerant, at least one valve configured to selectively flow the refrigerant to the at least one heat-exchanger, and a refrigerant fluid line unit mounted with the compressor, the at least one heat-exchanger, and the at least one valve, and interiorly formed with a plurality of fluid lines to flow the refrigerant to the compressor and the at least one heat-exchanger by a selective operation of the at least one valve, where the refrigerant fluid line unit includes a first fluid line mounting plate and a second fluid line mounting plate coupled to each other.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes a cooling apparatus including a radiator and a multi-way valve connected by a first coolant line and configured to circulate a coolant in the first coolant line, a second coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a first water pump and an electrical component, a third coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a second water pump and a battery module, a chiller provided on the third coolant line, connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner device through a refrigerant connection line, and configured to adjust a temperature of the coolant circulated in the third coolant line, and a gas injection device configured to selectively expand a refrigerant and to selectively supply some of the refrigerant to a compressor.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes an air conditioner unit and a chiller. The air conditioner unit includes a compressor, first through third heat-exchangers, a first expansion valve, and an evaporator interconnected by a refrigerant line for circulating a refrigerant through the refrigerant line, and the chiller is connected to the refrigerant line through a first connection line for adjusting a temperature of a coolant by heat-exchanging the refrigerant with the coolant. The air conditioner unit further includes a second expansion valve on the first connection line upstream of the chiller, a first valve on the refrigerant line between the first and second heat-exchangers, a third expansion valve on the refrigerant line between the first valve and the second heat-exchanger, a second valve on the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the compressor, and a fourth expansion valve on a second connection line.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for mobility vehicles is capable of introducing outside air into a front portion and a rear portion of a housing in which a heat exchanger is mounted and capable of selectively changing the introduction direction of the outside air, adjusting the amount of heat exchange between the heat exchanger and the outside air depending on the travel direction of a mobility vehicle or whether or not a heat pump is used, thus improving the operational efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a condenser connected to the compressor through a refrigerant line that condenses the refrigerant by heat-exchanging the refrigerant with a coolant, an evaporator connected to the condenser through the refrigerant line that evaporates the refrigerant, a gas injection device that selectively expands and flows the refrigerant and selectively supplies a portion of the supplied refrigerant to the compressor, a first refrigerant connection line having a first end connected to the refrigerant line and a second end connected to the gas injection device, a chiller that adjusts a temperature of the coolant by heat-exchanging the refrigerant introduced through the first refrigerant connection line with the coolant, and a second refrigerant connection line having a first end connected to the refrigerant line and a second end connected to the gas injection device.

Abstract: A method for correcting blood flow velocity is provided, including receiving a plurality of medical images depicting a target blood vessel, receiving electrocardiogram data of an object of measurement, calculating blood flow velocity of the target blood vessel using the plurality of medical images, and correcting the calculated blood flow velocity based on the electrocardiogram data and standard blood flow velocity data of the target blood vessel.

Abstract: A roof-type air conditioner is provided in which condensate water generated during interior cooling by an air conditioning unit is collected in a collecting unit to prevent the condensate water from flowing into an interior space of a vehicle. Due to accumulation of the condensate water, the condensate water collected by the collecting unit is discharged to the outside of the vehicle to prevent overflow and contamination of condensate water.

Abstract: A thermal energy module includes a housing having an open first surface and is filled with a refrigerant. Partition walls partition an interior of the housing into a compressing part, a condensing part, and an evaporating part. A compressor is provided in the compressing part. A first heat-exchanger is provided in the condensing part and configured to condense a compressed refrigerant supplied from the compressor by heat-exchange with a coolant. An expansion valve is configured to expand a refrigerant supplied from the condensing part to be supplied to the evaporating part. A second heat-exchanger is provided in the evaporating part and configured to heat-exchange a refrigerant supplied from the expansion valve with the coolant drawn into the interior of the housing to evaporate. A cover mounted on the open first surface of the housing closes and seals the interior of the housing.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a cooling apparatus in which a coolant is circulated, a compressor to compress a refrigerant, a condenser connected to the compressor through a refrigerant line and configured to condense the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, an evaporator connected to the condenser through the refrigerant line and configured to evaporate the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, a gas injection device provided in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator and configured to selectively expand and flow the refrigerant and selectively supply some of the refrigerant to the compressor, a refrigerant connection line including a first end connected to the refrigerant line and a second end connected to the gas injection device between the compressor and the evaporator, and a chiller in the refrigerant connection line for adjusting a temperature of the coolant by heat-exchange.

Abstract: An embodiment thermal management system of a vehicle includes an air supply device that draws and supplies ambient air. An air cycle apparatus connected to the air supply device that compresses or expands the air to be changed to a high or low temperature air. An air distribution device is connected to the air cycle apparatus and a cabin room connected to the air distribution device that receives the high or low temperature air. A first heat-exchanger connected to the air cycle apparatus performs heat-exchange on the high temperature air and a second heat-exchanger connected to the first heat-exchanger and the air cycle apparatus performs heat-exchange on the air. The second heat-exchanger and the air distribution device are selectively connected and the air having heat-exchanged while passing through the second heat-exchanger is selectively supplied to the air distribution device.

Abstract: A hydrogen supply method includes a two-side heat exchange mode in which both introducing a second fluid into a hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with a first fluid in a second heat exchanger in a state in which a compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in a thermal device are performed. The method also includes a one-side heat exchange mode in which one of introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with the first fluid in the second heat exchanger in a state in which the compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in the thermal device is performed.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a cooling apparatus in which a coolant is circulated, a compressor to compress a refrigerant, a condenser connected to the compressor through a refrigerant line and configured to condense the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, an evaporator connected to the condenser through the refrigerant line and configured to evaporate the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, a gas injection device provided in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator and configured to selectively expand and flow the refrigerant and selectively supply some of the refrigerant to the compressor, a refrigerant connection line including a first end connected to the refrigerant line and a second end connected to the gas injection device between the compressor and the evaporator, and a chiller in the refrigerant connection line for adjusting a temperature of the coolant by heat-exchange.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of operating a terminal according to an embodiment, including: receiving, by the terminal, federated learning-related configuration information; learning, by the terminal, a local model based on the federated learning-related configuration information; receiving, by the terminal, a local model weight request message; transmitting a first response message based on the received weight request message; receiving information associated with a total local model based on the first response message; transmitting a second response message based on the received information associated with the total local model; receiving resource allocation-related information based on the second response message; and performing federated learning based on the received resource allocation-related information.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes a cooling apparatus including a radiator and a multi-way valve connected by a first coolant line and configured to circulate a coolant in the first coolant line, a second coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a first water pump and an electrical component, a third coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a second water pump and a battery module, a chiller provided on the third coolant line, connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner device through a refrigerant connection line, and configured to adjust a temperature of the coolant circulated in the third coolant line, and a gas injection device configured to selectively expand a refrigerant and to selectively supply some of the refrigerant to a compressor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of operating a terminal according to an embodiment, including receiving, by the terminal, federated learning-related configuration information from a base station, configuring, by the terminal, a resource associated with federated learning based on the federated learning-related configuration information, transmitting, by the terminal, a differential privacy level to the base station, receiving, by the terminal, the differential privacy-related information from the base station, generating, by the terminal, a pseudo random sequence based on the differential privacy-related information, and transmitting, by the terminal, data to the base station based on the pseudo random sequence. The differential privacy-related information is based on the differential privacy level. The data is transmitted based on the configured resource.

Abstract: An embodiment is a heat pump system for a vehicle, including a first cooling device including a first radiator, a first water pump, and a first valve connected by a first coolant line, a second cooling device including a second radiator and a second water pump connected by a second coolant line, a third cooling device including a third coolant line connected to the second cooling device through a first valve, a third water pump provided on the third coolant line, and a battery module and, a chiller provided on the third coolant line, and a gas injection device configured to selectively expand a refrigerant supplied from an internal condenser included in an air conditioner and supply the expanded refrigerant to a heat exchanger of the air conditioner, and selectively supply a portion of the refrigerant to a compressor.

Abstract: The present disclosure a method of operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting a reference signal to a base station by the UE; receiving a response message from the base station based on the reference signal by the UE; and transmitting a local parameter of a local model to the base station by the UE, wherein the response message comprises transmission mode information, resource allocation information and feedback information of the reference signal, and wherein the transmission mode information indicates a first transmission mode or a second transmission mode, the local parameter of the local parameter is transmitted based on the indicated first transmission mode or second transmission mode, and the local parameter of the local model is related to federated learning.