Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided. The method includes reordering a plurality of filters, then based on a result of the reordering, compressing weights, among a plurality of weights of the plurality of filters, resulting in some of the plurality of weights being uncompressed weights, generating a plurality of operation unit maps by mapping the uncompressed weights to respective operation units according to a predetermined bulk unit, and mapping the plurality of operation unit maps to an array.

Abstract: A hammer refresh row address detector includes a control logic unit that receives a row address applied along with an active command, to increase a hit count stored in a corresponding entry when the row address is present in candidate aggressor row addresses stored in n entries. The control logic determines a candidate aggressor row address stored in an entry in which the hit count equals a threshold value to be a target aggressor row address. The control logic generates a victim row address adjacent to the target aggressor row address as a hammer refresh row address to accompany a hammer refresh command. The control logic increases the miss count value when the row address is not present in the candidate aggressor row addresses stored in the n entries and no hit count within the n entries is identical to the miss count value.