Abstract: Routing method for computing routes over uncertain geo-spatial data whereby only upon visiting the geographic entities it can be determined whether the needed service or product is actually provided and is adequate. When dealing with uncertain data, the returned route may need to go via several entities of the same type. Another routing method consists of finding an efficient and effective route from a starting point to an ending point going trough a predetermined number of objects, wherein each object represents a geographical entity of a unique type, and each object is selected from a distinct set of similar objects.

Abstract: A method for integrating digital maps, each containing a plurality of geographical objects. A three-step integration process is presented. First, geographical objects are retrieved from maps on the Web. Secondly, pairs of objects that represent the same real-world entity, in different maps, are discovered and the information about them is combined. Finally, selected objects are presented to the user. The proposed process is efficient, accurate (i.e., the discovery of corresponding objects has high recall and precision) and it can be applied to any pair of digital maps, without requiring the existence of specific attributes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating maps in which roads are represented as polylines. The main novelty of the invention is in using only the locations of the endpoints of the polylines rather than trying to match whole lines. Experiments on real-world data are given, showing that this approach of integration based on matching merely endpoints is efficient and accurate (that is, it provides high recall and precision).