Abstract: Silane precursors and related methods are provided. A method for preparing a silane precursor may comprise one or more of the following steps: contacting a dihalide silane compound and an amine in a first solvent to obtain a first reaction product; and contacting the first reaction product and a reductant in a second solvent to obtain a second reaction product.

Abstract: Provided are biosensors, systems and related methods of using the biosensors and systems. The biosensor comprises a field-effect transistor (FET) having a crumpled geometry to effectively increase the detection sensitivity of a target molecule in an ionic solution. A FET having a crumpled semiconductor material channel can form a ?-? interaction with single stranded DNA (ssDNA) for amplification detection applications. Increasing amount of ssDNA in an amplification reaction solution is incorporated into an amplified double stranded DNA, with increasing amplification, resulting in a lower amount of ssDNA primers. The FET is contacted with the amplified solution to electrically detect an amount of ssDNA primer in the amplified solution, thereby detecting amplification based on a decreased amount of ssDNA bound to the FET. Also provided are biosensors that can detect biomolecules more generally, such as protein, polypeptides, polynucleotides, or small molecules.