Abstract: Particulate material is cooled by passing into the material a coolant stream of liquid nitrogen having a gaseous product around at least a portion of the liquid nitrogen, wherein the coolant stream is formed outside the particulate material in a nozzle body from which the coolant stream is passed into the particulate material.

Abstract: The efficiency of a device for cooling or heating objects on a belt that moves through a path of a helix, in which gaseous cooling or heating medium is circulated within the device, is improved by positioning fans that circulate the cooling or heating medium so that the fans are distanced from the top of the helix.

Abstract: The efficiency of a device for cooling or heating objects on a belt that moves through a path of a helix, in which gaseous cooling or heating medium is circulated within the device, is improved by positioning fans that circulate the cooling or heating medium so that the fans are distanced from the top of the helix.

Abstract: Particulate material is cooled by passing into the material a coolant stream of liquid nitrogen having a gaseous product around at least a portion of the liquid nitrogen, wherein the coolant stream is formed outside the particulate material in a nozzle body from which the coolant stream is passed into the particulate material.

Abstract: Particulate material is cooled by passing into the material a coolant stream of liquid nitrogen having a gaseous product around at least a portion of the liquid nitrogen, wherein the coolant stream is formed outside the particulate material in a nozzle body from which the coolant stream is passed into the particulate material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for dissolving water-soluble gas such as oxygen into water, employing microporous membrane.

Abstract: Particulate material is cooled by passing into the material a coolant stream of liquid nitrogen having a gaseous product around at least a portion of the liquid nitrogen, wherein the coolant stream is formed outside the particulate material in a nozzle body from which the coolant stream is passed into the particulate material.

Abstract: The efficiency of a device for cooling or heating objects on a belt that moves through a path of a helix, in which gaseous cooling or heating medium is circulated within the device, is improved by positioning fans that circulate the cooling or heating medium so that the fans are distanced from the top of the helix.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for dissolving water-soluble gas such as oxygen into water, employing microporous membrane.

Abstract: A method and system for controlled rate freezing and nucleation of materials is provided. The presently disclosed system and method provides the ability to rapidly cool the materials contained in vials or other containers within a cooling unit via forced convective cooling using a laminar and uniform flow of cryogen in proximity to the plurality of vials disposed within the cooling unit. The rapid cooling of the biological materials is achieved by precisely controlling and adjusting the temperature of the cryogen being introduced to the system as a function of time. The presently disclosed methods to systems also provide nucleation control via temperature quench and depressurized nucleation control.

Abstract: A method and system for controlled rate freezing and nucleation of materials is provided. The presently disclosed system and method provides the ability to rapidly cool the materials contained in vials or other containers within a cooling unit via forced convective cooling using a laminar and uniform flow of cryogen in proximity to the plurality of vials disposed within the cooling unit. The rapid cooling of the biological materials is achieved by precisely controlling and adjusting the temperature of the cryogen being introduced to the system as a function of time. The presently disclosed methods to systems also provide nucleation control via temperature quench and depressurized nucleation control.

Abstract: A liquid carbon dioxide refrigeration system is provided. The refrigeration system may include a storage tank arranged for storing liquid carbon dioxide, and a vessel arranged to separate carbon dioxide into a vapor carbon dioxide portion and a liquid carbon dioxide portion. A first conduit is coupled to the storage tank and the first vessel such that liquid carbon dioxide can pass from the storage tank to the first vessel. A second conduit is coupled to the first vessel such that the liquid carbon dioxide portion can pass into a refrigeration device, and a third conduit is coupled to the first vessel and the first conduit to recycle the vapor carbon dioxide portion back to the first conduit.

Abstract: A method and system for controlled rate freezing and nucleation of materials is provided. The presently disclosed system and method provides the ability to rapidly cool the materials contained in vials or other containers within a cooling unit via forced convective cooling using a laminar and uniform flow of cryogen in proximity to the plurality of vials disposed within the cooling unit. The rapid cooling of the biological materials is achieved by precisely controlling and adjusting the temperature of the cryogen being introduced to the system as a function of time. The presently disclosed methods to systems also provide nucleation control via temperature quench and depressurized nucleation control.

Abstract: A method and system for controlled rate freezing and nucleation of materials is provided. The presently disclosed system and method provides the ability to rapidly cool the materials contained in vials or other containers within a cooling unit via forced convective cooling using a laminar and uniform flow of cryogen in proximity to the plurality of vials disposed within the cooling unit. The rapid cooling of the biological materials is achieved by precisely controlling and adjusting the temperature of the cryogen being introduced to the system as a function of time. The presently disclosed methods to systems also provide nucleation control via temperature quench and depressurized nucleation control.

Abstract: A method and electrode assembly for treating a substrate with a non-equilibrium plasma in which the electrode assembly has two or more spaced barrier electrodes and a ground electrode spaced apart from the two spaced barrier electrodes for passage of a substrate to be treated. Plasma fluid medium is introduced between the barrier electrodes and is biased to provide a greater flow to an inlet region of the electrode assembly to help inhibit the ingress of air. Each of the barrier electrodes can be provided with central and leg sections having passages for introducing a cooling fluid into one of the leg sections and discharging said cooling fluid from the other of the leg sections. The central section can be provided with a transverse cross-sectional area less than that of the leg sections to increase velocity in the central section.

Abstract: A liquid cryogen based blending system and method is provided. The disclosed embodiment of the system includes a liquid cryogen flow circuit, a heated fluid circuit, and a plurality of injectors or nozzles disposed adapted for injection of a liquid cryogen into or near a product to be cooled. The disclosed system and method also includes a controller adapted to operatively control the injection of liquid cryogen and concurrently control the flow warm fluid, such as nitrogen vapor, to and thru the plurality of injectors.

Abstract: A method and electrode assembly for treating a substrate with a non-equilibrium plasma in which the electrode assembly has two or more spaced barrier electrodes and a ground electrode spaced apart from the two spaced barrier electrodes for passage of a substrate to be treated. Plasma fluid medium is introduced between the barrier electrodes and is biased to provide a greater flow to an inlet region of the electrode assembly to help inhibit the ingress of air. Each of the barrier electrodes can be provided with central and leg sections having passages for introducing a cooling fluid into one of the leg sections and discharging said cooling fluid from the other of the leg sections. The central section can be provided with a transverse cross-sectional area less than that of the leg sections to increase velocity in the central section.

Abstract: An impingement cooler or freezer includes at least one impingement section, having a plurality of channeling means defining apertures enabling cooling fluid impingement flow toward and onto objects on a conveyor and defining a channel through which the cooling fluid from the objects flows into a duct which carries the fluid to a unit that chills the fluid, and includes passage means which receives cooling fluid from said apertures and lets it enter the duct after having flowed toward and onto said objects, the fluid being impinged and recirculated by a fan.