Abstract: A data management method includes network management service producer network elements that send, to a network management service consumer network element, moments at which measurement data of network objects is obtained for the first time after measurement jobs are activated. The network management service consumer network element creates digital twins based on measurement data of the network objects at a latest moment among the moments at which the network management service producer network elements obtain the measurement data of the network objects for the first time and after the latest moment.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method, apparatus, and system for determining a synchronization cycle, and relate to the communications field, to determine a proper synchronizing cycle, so that air interface bandwidth resources are saved during clock synchronization in an industrial factory, energy consumption of UE is reduced, and battery power is saved. The method includes: A network device obtains a crystal oscillator frequency offset f1 of UE; the network device obtains a crystal oscillator frequency offset f2 of an AN; the network device obtains a service synchronization precision requirement t of the UE; and the network device calculates a synchronization cycle of clock synchronization between the UE and the AN based on the obtained f1, f2, and t.

Abstract: This application provides an intent management method. The method includes: A first network element receives first information from a second network element, where the first information indicates that a first intent is not achieved; the first network element receives second information from the second network element, where the second information indicates that an intent operation corresponding to the first intent is not performed; and the first network element determines, based on the first information and the second information, not to adjust the first intent.

Abstract: A method includes: a first device receives a first intent expression from a second device, where the first intent expression is used to create an intent instance; and the first device sends failure information to the second device based on the first intent expression, where the failure information indicates a cause of a failure in creation of the intent instance, the first intent expression includes a plurality of attributes, the cause of the failure includes that there are attributes that conflict with each other in the first intent expression, and the attribute is a target or a constraint condition.

Abstract: An intent processing method. A first device sends first information to a second device, wherein the first information indicates impact on at least one KPI when a solution of a first intent is executed. After receiving the first information, the second device may determine the execution suggestion for the first intent based on the first information. The second device sends the information that indicates an execution suggestion for the first intent to the first device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an intent pre-evaluation method and apparatus. The method includes: A first network element receives an intent target and a pre-evaluation type from a second network element; receives first information from a third network element, where the first information includes one or more of the following: operation impact information or first KPI impact information, the operation impact information indicates mutual exclusion information of the first operation, and the first KPI impact information indicates impact of the first operation on a KPI associated with the intent target or impact of the first operation on the network KPI; and determines, based on the first information, result information corresponding to the pre-evaluation type, and sends the result information to the second network element, where the result information includes pre-evaluation information of an intent achievement result or pre-evaluation information of impact on a KPI.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The communication method includes: A first device receives first information from a second device. The first information includes information about an evaluation value of a first parameter of a first intent. When the evaluation value of the first parameter does not reach an expression value of the first parameter, the first device sends second information to the second device. The second information is used to enable the evaluation value of the first parameter to reach the expression value of the first parameter. In this way, the first device may perform an intent management operation based on information about the evaluation value and the expression value of the first parameter. This avoids a case in which the expression value of the intent parameter is improperly adjusted, and improves system running performance.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided. A first network element receives a policy creation request from a second network element, wherein a type of a policy requested to be created includes an intent policy or a non-intent policy; and sends a policy processing request to a third network element, wherein the policy processing request includes a policy type identifier, and the policy type identifier indicates that the policy is the intent policy or the non-intent policy. According to the present disclosure, policy execution reliability is improved.

Abstract: This application provides a method for enabling an intent and an apparatus. The method includes: A first network element obtains first information, where the first information indicates at least one intent, and the at least one intent is all intents that conflict with a first intent. When the first network element determines that a status of the at least one intent changes, the first network element initiates a procedure of enabling the first intent. According to the solution of this application, when the first intent is in a conflict state, the first network element may initiate the procedure of enabling the first intent after determining that statuses of all the intents that conflict with the first intent change. The solution in this application can be used to re-initiate, in a timely, accurate, and efficient manner, the procedure of enabling the first intent.

Abstract: A communication method includes: a first device obtains transmission states of first n data packets by using a first protocol layer entity, where the first protocol layer entity includes a radio link control (RLC) layer entity or an entity above an RLC layer; the first device starts a timer if transmission states of m data packets in the first n data packets are transmission failures, where n and m are both positive integers, and m is less than or equal to n; and the first device determines a radio resource configuration parameter used to transmit a subsequent data packet, or sends a first message to a second device, where the first message is used to indicate a state of the timer, and the state of the timer is used to determine the radio resource configuration parameter used to transmit the subsequent data packet.

Abstract: A quality of service (QoS) parameter processing method and a system, where the method includes obtaining, by a control plane device, a core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB) between a first access network device and a first user plane function device, sending, by the control plane device, the CN PDB to the first access network device, determining, by the first access network device, an access network (AN) PDB between a terminal device and the first access network device based on the CN PDB and an end-to-end PDB between the terminal device and the first user plane function device, and scheduling, by the first access network device, an air interface resource between the terminal device and the first access network device based on the AN PDB.

Abstract: An intent maintenance method and an apparatus provides a status awareness module that obtains a first duration corresponding to an intent. The status awareness module receives from a policy management module first information indicating that a first executable command corresponding to the intent starts to be executed. The status awareness module determines second duration when execution duration of the first executable command reaches the first duration and an object of the intent is not achieved, the second duration being greater than the first duration, and sends second information to the policy management module.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided. A first network element receives a policy creation request from a second network element, wherein a type of a policy requested to be created includes an intent policy or a non-intent policy; and sends a policy processing request to a third network element, wherein the policy processing request includes a policy type identifier, and the policy type identifier indicates that the policy is the intent policy or the non-intent policy. According to the present disclosure, policy execution reliability is improved.

Abstract: An intent state management method, network element, and system are described. A first network element obtains a first network parameter value corresponding to an intent; and determines, based on the first network parameter value corresponding to the intent, that a condition for achieving the intent is not satisfied. In accordance with the determination, the first network element suspends execution of the intent, sends a first notification message to a second network element, where the first notification message notifies the intent to enter a sleep state; and sets the sleep state to an active state when the condition for achieving the intent is satisfied or the intent is modified. Network resources of the first network element can be saved. When the condition for achieving the intent is satisfied or the intent is modified, the intent enters the active state, so that a state of the intent can be adjusted in time.

Abstract: This application provides an information transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: determining, by a control device, a first transmission channel in at least one transmission channel configured between a first network device and a second network device, where the first transmission channel is used to transmit a packet that belongs to at least one packet flow, a packet sending frequency currently supported by the first transmission channel is greater than or equal to a sum of packet sending frequencies of the at least one packet flow, and transmission performance of the first transmission channel meets transmission performance of the at least one packet flow; and sending, by the control device, first identification information to the first network device, where the first identification information is used to identify the first transmission channel. Therefore, this helps to meet a requirement for transmission performance of a packet in a mobile network.

Abstract: A synchronization method and an apparatus are provided to meet a time precision requirement of an industrial factory in a scenario in which a mobile network is connected to an Ethernet network. In an embodiment, a first device determines seventh timestamp information by using timestamp information of receiving and sending packets in a mobile network, so that a second device calculates a time offset between the first device and the second device based on the seventh timestamp information and time points of receiving and sending packets in an Ethernet network, to perform time synchronization. In the method, impact of a transmission delay between the first device and the second device can be avoided, so that a time precision requirement of an industrial factory can be met in a scenario in which the mobile network is connected to the Ethernet network.

Abstract: A quality of service (QoS) parameter processing method and a system, where the method includes obtaining, by a control plane device, a core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB) between a first access network device and a first user plane function device, sending, by the control plane device, the CN PDB to the first access network device, determining, by the first access network device, an access network (AN) PDB between a terminal device and the first access network device based on the CN PDB and an end-to-end PDB between the terminal device and the first user plane function device, and scheduling, by the first access network device, an air interface resource between the terminal device and the first access network device based on the AN PDB.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method, a communications apparatus, and a session management function entity. The method includes obtaining, by a communications apparatus, a correspondence between a quality of service flow identifier of a service flow and an inter-packet time interval of the service flow. The method also includes establishing, by the communications apparatus based on the correspondence, a gate queue used to send a data packet. The method further includes establishing a mapping relationship between the gate queue and the quality of service flow identifier. The method also includes receiving, by the communications apparatus, a data packet from an upper-level sending device of a transmission link. The method further includes if the data packet includes the quality of service flow identifier, periodically scheduling, by the communications apparatus, the data packet based on the gate queue to which the quality of service flow identifier is mapped.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a congestion control method and a related device. The method may include: learning, by an application server from a communications device, that a terminal device has handed over from a source cell to a target cell; detecting, by the application server, a round-trip time RTT and a bandwidth BW; and determining, based on detection values of the RTT and the BW, whether network congestion occurs on the link from the application server to the terminal device. By using this application, in some communication scenarios, a probability that a transmit end enters a network congestion control phase in advance due to erroneous determining may be reduced, and utilization of network bandwidth is improved.

Abstract: A quality of service (QoS) parameter processing method and a system, where the method includes a session management function device obtaining a core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB) between a first access network device and a first user plane function device, and sending the CN PDB to the first access network device via a context update response message, where the first access network device is a target access network device serving a terminal device after a handover. After receiving the CN PDB, the first access network device determines an access network (AN) PDB between the terminal device and the first access network device based on the CN PDB and an end-to-end PDB between the terminal device and the first user plane function device, and then schedules an air interface resource between the terminal device and the first access network device based on the AN PDB.