Abstract: Devices and method for forming a switch including a heater layer including a first heater pad, a second heater pad, and a heater line connecting the first heater pad and the second heater pad, a phase change material (PCM) layer positioned in a same vertical plane as the heater line, and a floating spreader layer including a first portion positioned in the same vertical plane as the heater line and the PCM layer, in which the first portion has a first width that is less than or equal to a distance between proximate sidewalls of the first heater pad and the second heater pad.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a channel layer, a gate structure, source/drain regions, and an insulating layer. The channel layer is disposed over the substrate. The gate structure is disposed over the channel layer. The source/drain regions are disposed over the substrate and disposed at two opposite sides of the channel layer. The insulating layer is disposed between the channel layer and the source/drain regions.

Abstract: A switch includes a heater layer, a phase change material (PCM) layer on the heater layer, and a spreader layer formed in proximity to the PCM layer and including a central region with a first thermal conductivity and an edge region with a second thermal conductivity different than the first thermal conductivity. A method of forming a switch includes forming a heater layer, forming a phase change material (PCM) layer on the heater layer, and forming a spreader layer in proximity to the PCM layer, such that the spreader layer includes a central region with a first thermal conductivity and an edge region with a second thermal conductivity different than the first thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An embodiment phase change material (PCM) switch may include a PCM element having a first electrode and a second electrode, a heating element coupled to a first side of the PCM element, and a heat spreader formed on a second side of the PCM element opposite to the heating element. The PCM element may include a phase change material that switches from an electrically conducting phase to an electrically insulating phase by application of a heat pulse provided by the heating element. The first electrode, the second electrode, the PCM element, and the heat spreader may be configured as an RF switch that blocks RF signals when the phase change material element is the electrically insulating phase and conducts RF signals when the when the phase change material element is in the electrically conducting phase. The heat spreader may be electrically isolated from the heating element and the PCM element.

Abstract: A method for removing vinyl monomers from a gas stream comprises steps of: irradiating a photoactive-inorganic medium by a light emitting unit to activate the photoactive-inorganic medium; and pumping a gas stream including vinyl monomers to contact with the activated photoactive-inorganic medium to make the vinyl monomers in the gas stream to polymerize on the photoactive-inorganic medium to jointly form a polymeric nano-composite.

Abstract: A method for removing vinyl monomers from a gas stream comprises steps of: irradiating a photoactive-inorganic medium by a light emitting unit to activate the photoactive-inorganic medium; and pumping a gas stream including vinyl monomers to contact with the activated photoactive-inorganic medium to make the vinyl monomers in the gas stream to polymerize on the photoactive-inorganic medium to jointly form a polymeric nano-composite.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing vinyl monomers from a gas stream includes a tube, a shading casing and a light emitting unit. The tube includes a first section having a connecting port with an opening, a second section, and a third section having an outlet. The three sections sequentially link together, with the second section connecting between the first section and the third section. A photoactive-inorganic medium is arranged inside the second section. The shading casing surrounds and seals the second section and an inner surface of the shading casing defines a reflecting face. The light emitting unit is mounted to the shading casing to irradiate and activate the photoactive-inorganic medium in the second section. Accordingly, the photoactive-inorganic medium can be activated by the light emitting unit to photocatalyze vinyl monomers in a gas stream to polymerize on surfaces of the photoactive-inorganic medium, such that vinyl monomers are removed.