Abstract: An identity certificate may be issued to a blockchain node. The issuance may include issuing a first identity certificate to a first terminal and receiving a second identity certificate issuance request that is from the first terminal. A second identity certificate may be issued to the first terminal, and a third identity certificate issuance request is received from the second terminal. A third identity certificate is issued to the second terminal, so that the second terminal forwards the third identity certificate to the third terminal.

Abstract: A blockchain network includes a service sub-network, a consensus sub-network, and a routing layer configured to isolate the service sub-network from the consensus sub-network. A data processing method in the blockchain network includes: receiving a data processing request transmitted by a service node in the service sub-network; performing identity verification on the service node according to the data processing request; obtaining a running load of each consensus node in the consensus sub-network when the verification succeeds; determining, from the consensus sub-network according to the running load, a target consensus node configured to process the data processing request; and forwarding the data processing request to the target consensus node, and performing corresponding data processing on the data processing request by using the target consensus node.

Abstract: A method for replacing an identity certificate in a blockchain network includes a service subnet, a consensus subnet, and a routing layer used for isolating the service subnet from the consensus subnet. The method includes: receiving a root certificate replacement notification transmitted by a certificate authentication center; obtaining a public key corresponding to the certificate authentication center; verifying the root certificate replacement notification by using the obtained public key; forwarding the root certificate replacement notification to a consensus node in the consensus subnet after the validation succeeds, so that the consensus node records the root certificate replacement notification into a latest data block after a consensus on the root certificate replacement notification is reached; and requesting, when the data block is received, the certificate authentication center to replace an identity certificate.

Abstract: A data backup method includes querying a first block of a first blockchain for unused transaction output information based on a first condition being met, the first block including each block of all blocks included in the first blockchain; generating transaction information according to the unused transaction output information obtained based on the querying, the transaction information indicating a transaction operation based on an account address to which the unused transaction output information belongs; recording the transaction information in a second block and releasing the second block, and recording the second block on which a consensus is reached on a second blockchain; and backing up the first blockchain into a storage system, and deleting the first blockchain. Counterpart apparatus, terminal, server, and/or non-transitory computer-readable medium are also contemplated.

Abstract: An identity certificate may be issued to a blockchain node. The issuance may include issuing a first identity certificate to a first terminal and receiving a second identity certificate issuance request that is from the first terminal. A second identity certificate may be issued to the first terminal, and a third identity certificate issuance request is received from the second terminal. A third identity certificate is issued to the second terminal, so that the second terminal forwards the third identity certificate to the third terminal.

Abstract: A blockchain network includes a service sub-network, a consensus sub-network, and a routing layer configured to isolate the service sub-network from the consensus sub-network. A data processing method in the blockchain network includes: receiving a data processing request transmitted by a service node in the service sub-network; performing identity verification on the service node according to the data processing request; obtaining a running load of each consensus node in the consensus sub-network when the verification succeeds; determining, from the consensus sub-network according to the running load, a target consensus node configured to process the data processing request; and forwarding the data processing request to the target consensus node, and performing corresponding data processing on the data processing request by using the target consensus node.

Abstract: A method for replacing an identity certificate in a blockchain network includes a service subnet, a consensus subnet, and a routing layer used for isolating the service subnet from the consensus subnet. The method includes: receiving a root certificate replacement notification transmitted by a certificate authentication center; obtaining a public key corresponding to the certificate authentication center; verifying the root certificate replacement notification by using the obtained public key; forwarding the root certificate replacement notification to a consensus node in the consensus subnet after the validation succeeds, so that the consensus node records the root certificate replacement notification into a latest data block after a consensus on the root certificate replacement notification is reached; and requesting, when the data block is received, the certificate authentication center to replace an identity certificate.

Abstract: A data backup method includes querying a first block of a first blockchain for unused transaction output information based on a first condition being met, the first block including each block of all blocks included in the first blockchain; generating transaction information according to the unused transaction output information obtained based on the querying, the transaction information indicating a transaction operation based on an account address to which the unused transaction output information belongs; recording the transaction information in a second block and releasing the second block, and recording the second block on which a consensus is reached on a second blockchain; and backing up the first blockchain into a storage system, and deleting the first blockchain. Counterpart apparatus, terminal, server, and/or non-transitory computer-readable medium are also contemplated.

Abstract: A binder mixture is described comprising: an aqueous copolymer dispersion which has a glass transition temperature, Tg, of less than 10° C. and which is prepared by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising: (i) at least 60% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, of at least one vinyl ester; (ii) from 15 to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, of ethylene; (iii) from 0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms; and (iv) from 0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or salt thereof.