Abstract: Methods of, inter alia, detecting the presence of one or more analytes in one or more query samples include providing one or more sensor that each include biomolecules disposed on a functionalized surface of one or more giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors. Modes of operation remove or add magnetic beads from the vicinity of sensor surfaces by interactions with the biomolecules. The methods feature, inter alia, detecting the presence of one or more analytes in one or more query samples by measuring magnetoresistance change of the one or more GMR sensors based on determining magnetoresistance before and after passing magnetic particles over the one or more sensors.

Abstract: Methods of detecting one or more genetic variants, including allelic variants, in one or more query samples include providing one or more sensors that each include capture nucleic acids disposed on a functionalized surface of one or more giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors. The methods detect the presence of one or more analytes in one or more query samples by measuring magnetoresistance change of the one or more GMR sensors based on determining magnetoresistance before and after passing magnetic particles over the one or more sensors.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are described herein for identifying, monitoring, isolating, or selecting a cell having a predefined characteristic in a mixed population of cells utilizing a combination of any one or more of iDEP, a region of localized field enhancement, a variable frequency electric field, a wide bandwidth amplifier, and/or an imaging apparatus.

Abstract: Methods of detecting the presence of an analyte in a query sample include providing a sensor that includes biomolecules disposed on a polymer-coated surface of a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor. Modes of operation remove or add magnetic beads from the vicinity of the sensor surface by interactions with the biomolecules. The methods feature detecting the presence of the analyte in the query sample by measuring resistance change of the GMR sensor based on determining resistance before and after passing magnetic particles over the sensor.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are described herein for identifying, monitoring, isolating, or selecting a cell having a predefined characteristic in a mixed population of cells utilizing a combination of any one or more of iDEP, a region of localized field enhancement, a variable frequency electric field, a wide bandwidth amplifier, and/or an imaging apparatus.

Abstract: A redistribution connecting structure for solder balls is disclosed. A substrate includes a plurality of bonding pads. A plurality of dielectric layers, a redistribution conductive layer between the dielectric layer, and a plurality of solder balls are formed on the substrate. The redistribution layer has a redistribution pad disposed adjacent to one of the bonding pads without electrical connection with the redistribution pad. One of the dielectric layers covering the redistribution conductive layer has an opening to partially expose the redistribution pad, in which the opening is approximately circular and has a cut-off portion so that the opening is adjacent to an opening of another of the dielectric layers exposing one of the bonding pads without overlapping. Accordingly, bonding area of the redistribution pad for a bonding pad under one of the solder balls can be expanded to reduce stress effect.

Abstract: A redistribution connecting structure for solder balls is disclosed. A substrate includes a plurality of bonding pads. A plurality of dielectric layers, a redistribution conductive layer between the dielectric layer, and a plurality of solder balls are formed on the substrate. The redistribution layer has a redistribution pad disposed adjacent to one of the bonding pads without electrical connection with the redistribution pad. One of the dielectric layers covering the redistribution conductive layer has an opening to partially expose the redistribution pad, in which the opening is approximately circular and has a cut-off portion so that the opening is adjacent to an opening of another of the dielectric layers exposing one of the bonding pads without overlapping. Accordingly, bonding area of the redistribution pad for a bonding pad under one of the solder balls can be expanded to reduce stress effect.