Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a single-layered dielectric layer, a conductive line, a conductive via and a conductive pad. The conductive line and the conductive via are disposed in the single-layered dielectric layer. The conductive pad is extended into the single-layered dielectric layer to electrically connected to the conductive line.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method for forming metallization layers that include a ruthenium metal liner and a cobalt metal fill. The method includes depositing a first dielectric on a substrate having a gate structure and source/drain (S/D) structures, forming an opening in the first dielectric to expose the S/D structures, and depositing a ruthenium metal on bottom and sidewall surfaces of the opening. The method further includes depositing a cobalt metal on the ruthenium metal to fill the opening, reflowing the cobalt metal, and planarizing the cobalt and ruthenium metals to form S/D conductive structures with a top surface coplanar with a top surface of the first dielectric.

Abstract: An operation method of a message communication system includes the following steps. At least one linking server generates a first login request. A management server generates a first response message according to the first login request. The at least one linking server obtains a service list according to the first response message. At least one remote device generates a second login request. The management server generates a second response message according to the second login request. The at least one remote device obtains a connection list and a permission set according to the second response message. The at least one remote device generates a connection request according the connection list. The at least one linking server generates a third response message according the connection request and the service list. The at least one remote device and linking server generate a connection state according to the third response message.

Abstract: An operation method of a message communication system includes the following steps. At least one linking server generates a first login request. A management server generates a first response message according to the first login request. The at least one linking server obtains a service list according to the first response message. At least one remote device generates a second login request. The management server generates a second response message according to the second login request. The at least one remote device obtains a connection list and a permission set according to the second response message. The at least one remote device generates a connection request according the connection list. The at least one linking server generates a third response message according the connection request and the service list. The at least one remote device and linking server generate a connection state according to the third response message.

Abstract: A simplified multilevel DC converter circuit structure comprises a dual input DC power supply, a power control module and an AC side low-pass filter, wherein each of the dual input DC power supply supplies half of the rated DC voltage to the power control module, and the power control module is composed of six power switches, and different switching combinations of each power switch are controlled to convert a DC voltage to an output of an AC voltage, and two of the power switches of the power control module perform a low-frequency switching twice every cycle of the output voltage, and the withstand voltage is equal to the input voltage, and the remaining power switches perform the switching by a high frequency, and the withstand voltage is only half of the input voltage, such that a multilevel voltage can be outputted, and a low harmonic AC waveform can be outputted from the AC side low-pass filter.

Abstract: A simplified multilevel DC converter circuit structure comprises a dual input DC power supply, a power control module and an AC side low-pass filter, wherein each of the dual input DC power supply supplies half of the rated DC voltage to the power control module, and the power control module is composed of six power switches, and different switching combinations of each power switch are controlled to convert a DC voltage to an output of an AC voltage, and two of the power switches of the power control module perform a low-frequency switching twice every cycle of the output voltage, and the withstand voltage is equal to the input voltage, and the remaining power switches perform the switching by a high frequency, and the withstand voltage is only half of the input voltage, such that a multilevel voltage can be outputted, and a low harmonic AC waveform can be outputted from the AC side low-pass filter.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring a pH value of a sample solution, which is performed by a pH sensing device, including: providing a pH sensing device and a sample solution, wherein the pH sensing device includes a pH sensor array, and the pH sensor array comprises m pH sensors, and m is an integer greater than 1; measuring the sample solution with the pH sensor array for n times, wherein n is an integer greater than 1, n measurement values are generated, each pH sensor generates a measurement value for each measurement, and the total amount of measurement values generated is n×m; and generating a pH value of the sample solution by all of the measurement values generated by the pH sensor array.

Abstract: A structure of a fan capable of reducing vibration is disclosed. The fan has a base and a fan pivotally connected to the base. The base has axial sleeve concentrically surrounding least one axle. The fan is connected to an axis from inside. The axis has a resilient element is positioned around an end of the axis, another end of the axis has a neck concentrically surrounded by at least one buffer. Thus, the resilient element and the buffer can reduce the vibration generated by the fan.