Abstract: An adaptive cooling control method used in an adaptive cooling control system includes a controller installed in a machining center, a temperature sensor installed in a main shaft unit of the machining center, a temperature acquisition device and a main shaft cooling system. A built-in macro program unit of the controller determines whether the temperature of the main shaft falls within a predefined temperature rise range, and if so, the current cooling control parameters are maintained. If the temperature of the main shaft exceeds the predefined temperature rise range, appropriate cooling control parameters are calculated and provided to the dmain shaft cooling system for an adaptive control.