Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of manufacturing one or more needles of a probe card by refining and processing a conductive body that extends from the probe card to form a respective tip at the end of the respective conductive body. Forming the respective tip of a respective needle includes removing respective portions from the end of the conductive body by flowing an electrolytic fluid between a conductive pattern structure and an end of the respective conductive body. Removing the respective portions with the flow of the electrons may be performed in multiple successive steps to form various needles with various sizes, shapes, and profiles (e.g., cylindrical, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, etc.).

Abstract: A system and method for maximizing bandwidth in an uplink for a 5G communication system is disclosed. Multiple end devices generate image streams. A gateway is coupled to the end devices. The gateway includes a gateway monitor agent collecting utilization rate data of the gateway and an image inspector collecting inspection data from the received image streams. An edge server is coupled to the gateway. The edge server includes an edge server monitor agent collecting utilization rate data of the edge server. An analytics manager is coupled to the gateway and the edge server. The analytics manager is configured to determine an allocation strategy based on the collected utilization rate data from the gateway and the edge server.

Abstract: An intelligent method of building up a telecommunication network is used to set a Network Element (NE) and an Element Management System (EMS) within an in-band/out-of-band network management framework. The method provides the network element with a random address and makes it connect to the element management system according to a default remote address. After successful connection, the element management system automatically sets up, manages, and allocates the network element. If the network element cannot connect to the element management system by itself, it may receive a Link Layer Discovery Protocol packet about successful connection via multicast generated from network elements nearby. The network may likewise acquire correct connection information about successful connection to the element management system. Thus, this invention allows a newly added network element to be quickly and automatically set in the telecommunication network.

Abstract: A telecommunication network transmission divergence system and method is disclosed. A first multi-service-packet-control-unit and a second multi-service-packet-control-unit are disposed between a base station and a radio network controller. Packets are diverged to one or more low-stability & long-delay routes based on priorities of the packets. The system and method reduce transmission load of a frame exchange protocol interface (Iub) while maintaining a stable quality of service for divergent packet transmissions. As a result, transmission load and cost are significantly reduced and transmission efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A complementary network quality testing method for conducting a test on the quality of service with regard to data transmission taking place in a telecommunication network includes setting up a committed bucket of a committed burst size to receive tokens introduced thereinto at a committed information rate; receiving normal protocol data units and/or test protocol data units, followed by storing the normal protocol data units in a data queue and/or storing the test protocol data units in a test queue; determining whether the normal protocol data units are present in the data queue; and retrieving selectively the test protocol data units from the test queue or determining, selectively and again, whether the normal protocol data units are present in the data queue, depending on whether the tokens are present in the committed bucket.

Abstract: A telecommunication network transmission divergence system and method is disclosed. A first multi-service-packet-control-unit and a second multi-service-packet-control-unit are disposed between a base station and a radio network controller. Packets are diverged to one or more low-stability & long-delay routes based on priorities of the packets. The system and method reduce transmission load of a frame exchange protocol interface (Iub) while maintaining a stable quality of service for divergent packet transmissions. As a result, transmission load and cost are significantly reduced and transmission efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A telecommunication network aggregation cache system and method is disclosed. An aggregation point or a mesh network formed by a plurality of aggregation points is arranged between sites and a core network to serve as a relay. A cache server in the aggregation point is used to store cache objects. Cache objects corresponding to request in packets sent from a user entity are retrieved from the cache server and sent back to the user entity. If the requested cache object is not found on a local cache server the aggregation point searches neighboring cache servers in the mesh network. If the cache object is found it is retrieved and sent back to the user entity. If the object is not found on either the local cache server or the neighboring cache servers, the requested object is retrieve from the Internet via a core network and sent to the user entity.

Abstract: A telecommunication network broadband off-loading system and method, wherein, a first multi-service-packet-control unit and a second first multi-service-packet-control unit are provided in offsetting and off-loading packets onto one or a plurality of xDSLs or fiber glass cables through a load balance mechanism to proceed with packet transmission, and in this way of packet offsetting and off-loading transmission, a stable quality of service can be maintained. Through application of said telecommunication network broadband off-loading system and method disclosed, the load of transmission equipment and transmission cost can be significantly reduced, hereby raising transmission efficacy and performance.