Abstract: Aspects are provided which improve RLM by allowing a UE to apply a longer monitoring window for out-of-sync determinations before the UE triggers an RLM timer for in-sync determinations. The UE first obtains a reference signal from a base station. The UE then determines multiple groups of consecutive out-of-sync indications in response to the reference signal. For example, the UE may perform looped out-of-sync monitoring, multi-cell or carrier monitoring, or a combination of such monitoring to determine the multiple groups of out-of-sync indications. Afterwards, the UE triggers the RLM timer in response to determining the multiple groups of consecutive out-of-sync indications. As a result, the UE may perform additional out-of-sync monitoring during RLM before proceeding with in-sync monitoring, thus allowing the UE to account for rapid BLER changes (ping-pong effects) that may occur in HAPS systems due to tropospheric turbulence and enabling more accurate RLM determinations and minimal RLF detections.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) receives a first frame from a first access point (AP) when performing a listening operation on a first link. The non-AP MLD switches some or all of spatial streams/antennas on each link of the non-AP MLD to the first link to perform a frame exchange with the first AP. When determining that any preset condition in a preset condition set is met, the non-AP MLD switches some spatial streams/antennas on the first link back to each link or another link to perform the listening operation.

Abstract: This application is applicable to a multi-link group addressed traffic transmission method and an apparatus. A first access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) sends group addressed traffic indication information indicating whether each AP of other APs of the AP MLD has a group addressed traffic, so that a station (STA) can learn whether the multiple APs have a group addressed traffic. In this way, each STA of the STA MLD does not need to listen to each AP whether each AP has a group addressed traffic. This reduces power consumption of the STA MLD. This application may be applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine that a negative acknowledgment (NACK) feedback message for a broadcast/multicast communication is to be transmitted. The UE may transmit the NACK feedback message, via a radio access network (RAN), to a broadcast/multicast control plane function device of a core network based at least in part on determining that the NACK feedback message is to be transmitted. The UE may receive a retransmission of the broadcast/multicast communication based at least in part on transmitting the NACK feedback message.

Abstract: This application relates to the wireless communications field, for example, is applicable to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11be standard, and in particular, to a PPDU uplink bandwidth indication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: An AP generates and sends a trigger frame. The trigger frame carries first indication information, where the first indication information directly indicates or jointly indicates an EHT TB PPDU bandwidth or an uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth. The trigger frame carries second indication information, where the second indication information indicates distribution of an HE TB PPDU and/or an EHT TB PPDU in the uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth, or directly indicate whether an EHT station transmits an HE TB PPDU or an EHT TB PPDU.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to radio frame sending methods and apparatuses, and radio frame receiving methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a multi-link device generates a radio frame, where the radio frame includes a first multi-link element (MLE) and a second MLE, the first MLE includes a first information element, the second MLE includes a second information element, and the first information element and the second information element correspond to station information of a same link. Then, the multi-link device sends the radio frame.

Abstract: A method includes: The non-AP MLD generates a buffer report, and sends the buffer report to the AP MLD on a first uplink/downlink of the plurality of uplinks/downlinks. The buffer report includes a request for a duration of direct transmission performed by a first affiliated non-AP STA of the non-AP MLD on a first direct link, the first direct link is a link between a first target non-AP STA and the first affiliated non-AP STA, and the first target non-AP STA and the first affiliated non-AP STA belong to a same BSS.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. In some wireless communications systems, a user equipment (UE) may support two or more uplink switching periods for transmit chain switching. The UE may transmit a UE capability message indicating the UE capability to support a first uplink switching period and a second uplink switching period for transmit chain switching. The first uplink switching period and the second uplink switching period may each correspond to different switching periods associated with configuration switches between different transmit chain configurations of the UE. The UE and a base station may select an uplink switching period from among the first uplink switching period and the second uplink switching period. The UE may transmit an uplink data message to the base station after a preparation time that is based on the uplink switching period.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for reporting buffered data. In one example method, a station (STA) generates a first frame, where the first frame includes first information, the first information includes time information, the time information indicates a first time, and a first buffered data packet needs to be sent within the first time. The STA sends the first frame.

Abstract: This application is applicable to a group addressed traffic transmission method applicable to a plurality of links and an apparatus. In the method, group addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether each AP or an AP other than a first AP in an AP MLD has group addressed traffic; or group addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether each AP or an AP other than a first AP in an AP MLD and each AP or an AP other than a non-transmitted AP in an AP MLD in which the non-transmitted AP in a multiple BSSID set in which the first AP is located have group addressed traffic. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, an 802.11 series protocol such as 802.11be.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. The method includes: generating, by a first multi-link device, a management frame, where the management frame includes a receiver address, a transmitter address, and link indication information, and the link indication information indicates that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and sending the management frame to a second multi-link device on a link on which a station indicated by the receiver address or a station indicated by the transmitter address operates.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to individually addressed traffic indication methods and apparatuses applicable to multiple links, for example, in a wireless local area network supporting an 802.11be standard. In an example method, a first access point (AP) of a first access point multi-link device (AP MLD) generates and sends individually addressed traffic indication information. The individually addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether a non-AP MLD associated with the first AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic and whether a non-AP MLD associated with a second AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic. The second AP MLD is an AP MLD to which a non-transmitted AP belongs. The non-transmitted AP is in a multiple basic service set identifier (BSSID) set in which the first AP is located.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. The method includes: generating, by a first multi-link device, a management frame, where the management frame includes a receiver address, a transmitter address, and link indication information, and the link indication information indicates that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and sending the management frame to a second multi-link device on a link on which a station indicated by the receiver address or a station indicated by the transmitter address operates.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive configuration information that indicates an uplink transmit switching configuration for performing uplink transmit switching between a first component carrier and a second component carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) carrier switching configuration for performing SRS carrier switching between the second component carrier and a third component carrier, wherein the configuration information is associated with a maximum number of allowable switches over an amount of time. The UE may transmit, based at least in part on the configuration information, one or more signals associated with performing at least one of uplink transmit switching or SRS carrier switching. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. An AP generates a trigger frame, where the trigger frame includes a first user information field, a part or all of a frequency domain resource indicated by a resource unit allocation subfield in a fourth user information field before the first user information field is located on a primary 160 MHz channel, and a part or all of a frequency domain resource indicated by a resource unit allocation subfield in a fourth user information field after the first user information field is located on a secondary 160 MHz channel. Then, the AP sends the trigger frame.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular, to a beacon frame transmission method in an EMLSR mode, and is applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11be standard. A TXOP holder sends a first frame before a first delay prior to a next TBTT, where the first frame indicates TXOP termination on a first link. The first delay is used by an EMLSR non-AP MLD to change a spatial stream on a second link to a state supporting beacon frame reception on the second link. The non-AP MLD changes, within the first delay after the TXOP termination on the first link, a spatial stream on the second link to supporting successful beacon frame reception on the second link, and receives a beacon frame by using a spatial stream currently supported on the second link at the next TBTT.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an access point (AP) multi-link device discovery method and a related apparatus, for example, in a wireless local area network (WLAN) supporting IEEE 802.11be. In an example method, a reporting AP sends a first management frame to a station. The first management frame carries information about a reported AP. The reporting AP is affiliated with an AP multi-link device. The reported AP is affiliated with the same multi-link device as the reporting AP. Or the reported AP belongs to a same multiple basic service set identifier (BSSID) set as another AP in the multi-link device with which the reporting AP is affiliated.

Abstract: An AID allocation method for a multi-link device, includes: An access point multi-link device generates and sends a first frame. Correspondingly, a station device receives and parses the first frame to obtain an AID that is allocated to the station device and carried in the first frame. The AID is neither a BSSID that can be supported by a first-type access point in the access point multi-link device nor an identifier of an access point in the access point multi-link device. The first-type access point is an access point for establishing a link between the station device and the access point multi-link device.

Abstract: This application discloses a multi-link device probing method and a communication apparatus, which may be applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11be standard. The method includes: A station (STA) multi-link device generates a probe request frame, where the probe request frame carries first indication information used to indicate a first access appoint (AP) working on a first link in an AP multi-link device to feed back communication information of an AP that works on a second link and that is in the AP multi-link device, the communication information is used by the STA multi-link device to perform multi-link communication with the AP multi-link device, the second link is different from a first link; and the STA multi-link device sends the probe request frame on the first link.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an access point (AP) multi-link device discovery method and a related apparatus, for example, are applied to a WLAN supporting 802.11be. The method includes: sending, by a station (STA), a probe request frame, wherein the probe request frame carries at least one link identifiers of at least one AP for requesting information of the at least one AP, and the STA is affiliated to a STA MLD; and receiving, by the STA from an AP MLD, a probe response frame, wherein the probe response frame carries the information of the at least one AP requested by the STA.