Abstract: Disclosed are a speech processing method and speech processing apparatus which execute an installed artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and/or machine learning algorithm to perform speech processing to enable the speech processing apparatus, a user terminal, and a server to communicate with each other in a 5G communication environment. The speech processing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes converting a user's spoken utterance into a user utterance text, discovering a domain, an intent, and at least one named entity of the user utterance text, determining whether the user's spoken utterance is a complete spoken utterance or an incomplete spoken utterance, generating a spoken query utterance and feeding the generated spoken query utterance back to the user when the user's spoken utterance is an incomplete spoken utterance, and constructing a complete spoken utterance by receiving a user's spoken response utterance which responds to the spoken query utterance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display apparatus and a method for operating the display apparatus, the display apparatus being operated by executing an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm in a 5G environment connected for Internet of Things. The method for operating the display apparatus includes the acts of receiving utterance information of a user who is watching the display apparatus, selecting an utterance intention corresponding to the user's utterance information according to a predefined rule, switching operation of the display apparatus on the basis of the selected utterance intention, collecting reaction information of the user corresponding to the switched operation of the display apparatus, and reconstructing the predefined rule by using the user's utterance information, the selected utterance intention, and the user's reaction information.

Abstract: Disclosed are a speech processing method and speech processing apparatus which execute an installed artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and/or machine learning algorithm to perform speech processing to enable the speech processing apparatus, a user terminal, and a server to communicate with each other in a 5G communication environment. The speech processing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes converting a user's spoken utterance into a user utterance text, discovering a domain, an intent, and at least one named entity of the user utterance text, determining whether the user's spoken utterance is a complete spoken utterance or an incomplete spoken utterance, generating a spoken query utterance and feeding the generated spoken query utterance back to the user when the user's spoken utterance is an incomplete spoken utterance, and constructing a complete spoken utterance by receiving a user's spoken response utterance which responds to the spoken query utterance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display apparatus and a method for operating the display apparatus, the display apparatus being operated by executing an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm in a 5G environment connected for Internet of Things. The method for operating the display apparatus includes the acts of receiving utterance information of a user who is watching the display apparatus, selecting an utterance intention corresponding to the user's utterance information according to a predefined rule, switching operation of the display apparatus on the basis of the selected utterance intention, collecting reaction information of the user corresponding to the switched operation of the display apparatus, and reconstructing the predefined rule by using the user's utterance information, the selected utterance intention, and the user's reaction information.

Abstract: The present invention proposes an effective and efficient method of storing data called page-differential logging for flash-based storage systems. The primary characteristics of the invention are: (1) it writes only the page-differential that is defined as the difference between an original page in flash memory and an up-to-date page in memory; (2) it computes and writes the page-differential only when an updated page needs to be reflected into flash memory. When an updated page needs to be reflected into flash memory, the present invention stores the page into a base page and a differential page in flash memory. When a page is recreated from flash memory, it reads the base page and the differential page, and then, creates the page by merging the base page with its page-differential in the differential page. This invention significantly improves I/O performance of flash-based storage systems compared with existing page-based and log-based methods.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, there is disclosed a recovery method in a storage system that integrates shadow page and deferred update techniques. Updates of a page in the buffer are not immediately reflected to the database, but are deferred until the transaction is committed. Instead, the updated buffer page is stored in the log volume in the unit of a page. When reading a page that does not exist in the buffer from the disk, the up-to-date page from the database or from the log volume is read. Then the log table index is used to determine whether the up-to-date page exists in the database or in the log volume and to identify the position of the page stored in the log volume if the up-to-date page exists in the log volume.

Abstract: The present invention proposes an effective and efficient method of storing data called page-differential logging for flash-based storage systems. The primary characteristics of the invention are: (1) it writes only the page-differential that is defined as the difference between an original page in flash memory and an up-to-date page in memory; (2) it computes and writes the page-differential only when an updated page needs to be reflected into flash memory. When an updated page needs to be reflected into flash memory, the present invention stores the page into a base page and a differential page in flash memory. When a page is recreated from flash memory, it reads the base page and the differential page, and then, creates the page by merging the base page with its page-differential in the differential page. This invention significantly improves I/O performance of flash-based storage systems compared with existing page-based and log-based methods.

Abstract: A query expansion method that improves the precision without degrading the recall, uses augmented terms. The method steps expand an initial query by adding new terms that are related to each term of the initial query. The query is further expanded by adding augmented terms, which are conjunctions of the terms. A weight is assigned to each term so that the augmented terms have higher weights than the other terms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a recovery method in a storage system that integrates shadow page and deferred update techniques. In our invention, for update operations that occur during a transaction, update of a page in the buffer is not immediately reflected to the database, but is deferred until the transaction is committed. Instead, we store the updated buffer page in the log volume in the unit of a page. When reading a page that does not exist in the buffer from the disk, we read the up-to-date page from the database or from the log volume. Here, the log table index is used to determine whether the up-to-date page exists in the database or in the log volume and to identify the position of the page stored in the log volume if the up-to-date page exists in the log volume. The proposed invention has the following excellent advantages. It is simple and efficient because the deferred update file does not have to be additionally accessed for correct query processing.