Abstract: A particle detector for detecting a particle beam includes a negatively charged electrode plate having a first side facing the particle beam, a second side opposite to the first side, and a through-hole extending from the first side to the second side for receiving the particle beam. A detection device adjacent to the second side of the electrode plate detects signals corresponding to the particle beam approaching the through-hole.

Abstract: A dual-polarity mass spectrometer includes an ion source, a negative ion mass analyzer, and a positive ion mass analyzer to measure both the negative and positive ion spectra of a sample material simultaneously. The ion source includes a sample surface on which the sample material is positioned, the sample material providing positive ions and negative ions when excited by a laser beam or an energetic particle stream. A first extraction electrode is connected to a voltage higher than the sample surface to attract the negative ions from the sample electrode. A second extraction electrode is connected to a voltage lower than the sample surface to attract the positive ions from the sample electrode. The negative and positive ions are analyzed simultaneously by the negative ion mass analyzer and the positive ion mass analyzer, respectively.

Abstract: A dual-polarity mass spectrometer includes an ion source, a negative ion mass analyzer, and a positive ion mass analyzer to measure both the negative and positive ion spectra of a sample material simultaneously. The ion source includes a sample surface on which the sample material is positioned, the sample material providing positive ions and negative ions when excited by a laser beam or an energetic particle stream. A first extraction electrode is connected to a voltage higher than the sample surface to attract the negative ions from the sample electrode. A second extraction electrode is connected to a voltage lower than the sample surface to attract the positive ions from the sample electrode. The negative and positive ions are analyzed simultaneously by the negative ion mass analyzer and the positive ion mass analyzer, respectively.

Abstract: A particle detector for detecting a particle beam includes a negatively charged electrode plate having a first side facing the particle beam, a second side opposite to the first side, and a through-hole extending from the first side to the second side for receiving the particle beam. A detection device adjacent to the second side of the electrode plate detects signals corresponding to the particle beam approaching the through-hole.

Abstract: A method of enabling a call from a first DTE available via a public switched telephone network (PSTN or ISDN) to a second DTE remotely available over a satellite packet data network includes mapping a destination number to a service group, remote gateway associated with the service group and a connection port of the remote gateway for the second DTE, storing the mapped service group, remote gateway equipment associated with the service group and the port of the remote gateway associated with the second DTE and retrieving the service group, remote gateway equipment associated with the service group and the connection port for the second DTE in response to the entered destination number.

Abstract: A method of initiating a secure call between a first secure terminal unit and a second secure terminal unit over a digital transmission link, the first secure terminal unit being connected to a first secure interface unit and the second secure terminal unit being connected to a second secure interface unit, includes transmitting a switching initiate request from the first secure interface unit to the second secure interface unit, returning a switching acknowledgement from the second secure interface unit to the first secure interface unit in response to the switching initiate request, and transmitting a first control message packet from the first secure interface unit to the second secure interface unit.

Abstract: An electronic device with a mirror function and an image capture function comprises a body, a mirror display and an image capture unit. In this case, the mirror display is disposed in the body. The mirror display has a mirror plate and a display panel. The mirror plate is combined with the display panel or is disposed near the display panel. A semi-reflecting layer is disposed above the mirror plate. The image capture unit is disposed in the body.

Abstract: A display apparatus with a mirror function comprises a display and a semi-reflecting layer. The display includes a transparent substrate. The semi-reflecting layer is disposed on one surface of the transparent substrate. Furthermore, another display apparatus with a mirror function comprises a transparent substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, an organic light-emitting portion, and a mirror plate. In this case, the first electrode is disposed on one side of the transparent substrate. The second electrode is disposed on the first electrode. The organic light-emitting portion is disposed between the first and second electrodes. The mirror plate is positioned on an opposite side of the transparent substrate, which is opposite to the side disposed with the first electrode.

Abstract: An adaptive pitch pulse enhancer and method, adaptive to a voicing measure of input speech, for modifying the adaptive codebook of a CELP search loop to enhance the pitch pulse structure of the adaptive codebook. The adaptive pitch pulse enhancer determines a voicing measure of an input signal, the voicing measure being voiced when the input signal includes voiced speech and the voicing measure being unvoiced when the input signal does not include voiced speech, modifies a total excitation vector produced by the CELP search loop in accordance with the voicing measure of the input signal, and updates the adaptive codebook of the CELP search loop by storing the modified total excitation vector in the adaptive codebook.