Abstract: Machine learning models can be trained to predict imaging characteristics with respect to variation in a pattern on a wafer resulting from a patterning process. However, due to low pattern coverage provided by limited wafer data used for training, machine learning models tend to overfit, and predictions from the machine learning models deviate from physical trends that characterize the pattern on the wafer and/or the patterning process with respect to the pattern variation. To enhance pattern coverage, training data is augmented with pattern data that conforms to a certain expected physical trend, and applies to new patterns not covered by previously measured wafer data.

Abstract: A system for measuring impedance which is tolerant of connection errors includes a measuring instrument and a relay plate. The relay plate includes a plurality of relay groups. A relay group comprises a first channel, a second channel, a third channel, and a fourth channel. The first to fourth channels are electrically connected to a conductive pin of the product. The relay board further comprises a first voltage interface, a second voltage interface, a first current interface, and a second current interface, the first voltage interface is electrically connected to the first channel, the first current interface is electrically connected to the second channel, the second voltage interface is electrically connected to the third channel, and the second current interface is electrically connected to the fourth channel, a control unit being able to switch between these when connected to obtain impedance measurements.

Abstract: A system for measuring impedance which is tolerant of connection errors includes a measuring instrument and a relay plate. The relay plate includes a plurality of relay groups. A relay group comprises a first channel, a second channel, a third channel, and a fourth channel. The first to fourth channels are electrically connected to a conductive pin of the product. The relay board further comprises a first voltage interface, a second voltage interface, a first current interface, and a second current interface, the first voltage interface is electrically connected to the first channel, the first current interface is electrically connected to the second channel, the second voltage interface is electrically connected to the third channel, and the second current interface is electrically connected to the fourth channel, a control unit being able to switch between these when connected to obtain impedance measurements.

Abstract: An optical integration device includes a first circuit layer comprising a first surface adjacent a first diffractive layer, the first diffractive layer arranged on a side of the first circuit layer along a first direction, and a first connecting pad electrically connected with the first circuit layer through a first conductive member. The optical integration device includes a side surface extending along the first direction. The side surface defines a first concavity extending through the first diffractive layer along the first direction. The first connecting pad includes a first mounting member connected with the side surface, and a first convex member extending from the first mounting member and received in the first concavity. The first conductive member includes a first conductive part arranged between the side surface and the first mounting member, and a second conductive part arranged between the first surface and the first convex member.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing prediction uncertainty in a prediction model associated with a patterning process are described. These may be used in calibrating a process model associated with the patterning process, for example. Reducing the uncertainty in the prediction model may include determining a prediction uncertainty parameter based on prediction data. The prediction data may be determined using the prediction model. The prediction model may have been calibrated with calibration data. The prediction uncertainty parameter may be associated with variation in the prediction data. Reducing the uncertainty in the prediction model may include selecting a subset of process data based on the prediction uncertainty parameter; and recalibrating the prediction model using the calibration data and the selected subset of the process data.

Abstract: A method for training a patterning process model, the patterning process model configured to predict a pattern that will be formed by a patterning process. The method involves obtaining an image data associated with a desired pattern, a measured pattern of the substrate, a first model including a first set of parameters, and a machine learning model including a second set of parameters; and iteratively determining values of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters to train the patterning process model. An iteration involves executing, using the image data, the first model and the machine learning model to cooperatively predict a printed pattern of the substrate; and modifying the values of the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters such that a difference between the measured pattern and the predicted pattern is reduced.

Abstract: An optical integration device includes a first circuit layer comprising a first surface adjacent a first diffractive layer, the first diffractive layer arranged on a side of the first circuit layer along a first direction, and a first connecting pad electrically connected with the first circuit layer through a first conductive member. The optical integration device includes a side surface extending along the first direction. The side surface defines a first concavity extending through the first diffractive layer along the first direction. The first connecting pad includes a first mounting member connected with the side surface, and a first convex member extending from the first mounting member and received in the first concavity. The first conductive member includes a first conductive part arranged between the side surface and the first mounting member, and a second conductive part arranged between the first surface and the first convex member.

Abstract: A method for making a mask includes receiving an integrated circuit (IC) design layout and identifying at least one targeted-feature-surrounding-location (TFSL) in the IC design layout, wherein TFSL is identified by a model-based approach. The method further includes inserting at least one phase bar (PB) in the IC design layout and performing an optical proximity correction (OPC) to the IC design layout having the at least one PB to form a modified IC design layout. A mask is then fabricated based on the modified IC design layout.

Abstract: A method for making a mask includes receiving an integrated circuit (IC) design layout and identifying at least one targeted-feature-surrounding-location (TFSL) in the IC design layout, wherein TFSL is identified by a model-based approach. The method further includes inserting at least one phase bar (PB) in the IC design layout and performing an optical proximity correction (OPC) to the IC design layout having the at least one PB to form a modified IC design layout. A mask is then fabricated based on the modified IC design layout.

Abstract: A method for making a mask for an integrated circuit (IC) design includes receiving an IC design layout having a plurality IC features and performing a targeted-feature-surrounding (TFS) checking operation to identify a targeted-feature-surrounding-location (TFSL) in the IC design layout. The method also includes inserting a phase-bar (PB) to the TFSL, performing an optical proximity correction (OPC) to the IC design layout having the PB to form a modified IC design layout and providing the modified IC design layout for fabrication of the mask.

Abstract: A method for making a mask for an integrated circuit (IC) design includes receiving an IC design layout having a plurality IC features and performing a targeted-feature-surrounding (TFS) checking operation to identify a targeted-feature-surrounding-location (TFSL) in the IC design layout. The method also includes inserting a phase-bar (PB) to the TFSL, performing an optical proximity correction (OPC) to the IC design layout having the PB to form a modified IC design layout and providing the modified IC design layout for fabrication of the mask.

Abstract: An exemplary driving circuit (400) for a backlight module includes a control circuit (420), a first driving branch circuit (440), a second driving branch circuit (450), and a light source (430). The control circuit is configured for providing a driving signal to the light source via the first driving branch circuit, and the second driving branch circuit is configured for providing a substitution driving signal to the light source according to intensity of ambient light beams. The first and second driving branch circuits are configured for driving the light source alternatively.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for a liquid crystal panel (20) includes a booster circuit (221), which has a plurality of output terminals (225); a control circuit (222); a register (223); and a plurality of switchers (224). Each switch has a control terminal (2241) being connected to the register, a first terminal (2242) being connected to the output terminal of the booster circuit, and a second terminal (2243) being connected to the control circuit.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (200) includes an LCD panel (210), a driving integrated circuit (IC) (220) provided with the LCD panel and configured for driving the LCD panel to display image, and an initialization IC (240) provided with the LCD panel and configured for initializing the driving IC at each time that the LCD is turned on. In a test of the LCD panel to detect whether there are any abnormalities, the driving IC mounted on the LCD panel can be initialized by the initialization IC.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (20) includes a liquid crystal panel, a driving chip (200) and an external resistor (270). The driving chip is configured for driving the liquid crystal panel. The driving chip includes a storage circuit (210) and a voltage generator (260). The storage circuit includes a memory (240). The external resistor is connected to the storage circuit and the voltage generator. The voltage generator outputs a voltage, the external resistor divides the voltage into a common voltage. The storage circuit transforms the common voltage to a common voltage parameter, and the memory stores the common voltage parameter. The LCD has high reliability.

Abstract: An exemplary driving circuit (400) for a backlight module includes a control circuit (420), a first driving branch circuit (440), a second driving branch circuit (450), and a light source (430). The control circuit is configured for providing a driving signal to the light source via the first driving branch circuit, and the second driving branch circuit is configured for providing a substitution driving signal to the light source according to intensity of ambient light beams. The first and second driving branch circuits are configured for driving the light source alternatively.

Abstract: An exemplary hot press (2) for bonding electronic devices (31, 32) includes a hot-head (24) and a control device (28). The hot-head includes a plurality of heating members (241). The hot-head includes a plurality of heating members (241) and a pressing end (243) joining same ends of the heating members. The pressing end is configured for pressing a bonding portion of one of the electronic devices. The heating members are configured for converting input electrical energy into heat and transferring the heat to the bonding portion of said one of the electronic devices via the pressing end. The control device is electrically connected with the heating members and configured for controlling the amount of the heat generated by each heating member.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (LCD) (200) includes an LCD panel (210) and a driving circuit (220). The driving circuit includes a signal generator (221), an LCD panel driver (223), and an interface circuit (225). The signal generator generates data signals, system controlling signals, image controlling signals, and an interface select signal. The interface circuit includes system controlling lines for transmitting the system controlling signals to the LCD panel driver, image controlling lines for transmitting the image controlling signals to the LCD panel driver, data lines for transmitting the data signals to the LCD panel driver, and an interface select line for transmitting the interface select signal to the LCD panel driver. The LCD panel driver electrically connects to either the image controlling lines or the system controlling lines, the connection being according to the a type of the interface select signal transmitted through the interface select line.

Abstract: An exemplary display device (400) includes a display module (430), an integrated power supply (410), a display control circuit (420), a safe control circuit (465), a second power supply (460), a first sensor (425), and a second sensor (435). The integrated power supply is configured to provide electric energy to the display module. The second power supply is connected to the display control circuit via the safe control circuit, and is configured to provide electric energy to the display module via the safe control circuit. The safe control circuit is configured to adjust electric energy that is provided to the display module by the second power supply. The first sensor is connected to the display control circuit, and is configured to sense ambient brightness. The second sensor is connected to the display control circuit, and is configured to sense display brightness of the display module.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate cooperatively form a multiplicity of pixels. The first substrate also includes a pixel pad electrically connected to one of the pixels. According to this configuration, a grayscale voltage of the liquid crystal display panel can be conveniently adjusted.