Abstract: A five-surface wide field-of view compound lens incudes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a first biplanar substrate, and a second biplanar substrate. The first lens is plano-concave; the second, the third lens, and the fourth lens are plano-convex; the fifth lens is a plano-gull-wing lens. The first biplanar substrate is between the second lens and the third lens. The second biplanar substrate is between the fourth lens and the fifth lens. The first lens has a first Abbe number. The second lens has a second Abbe number less than the first Abbe number. A camera module includes the five-surface wide FOV compound lens and a glass substrate having a planar surface adjoining a first planar surface of the first lens, the first lens being between the glass substrate and the second lens.

Abstract: A peak detector circuit comprises a first output coupled to ground by a first load and to emitter terminals of first and second switching devices. A second output is coupled to ground by a second load and to emitter terminals of third and fourth switching devices. A third output is coupled to a supply voltage node by a third load and to collector terminals of the first and second switching devices. A fourth output is coupled to the supply voltage node by a fourth load and to collector terminals of the third and fourth switching devices. The first, second, third, and fourth switching devices have control terminals which are biased with a common bias voltage. The first, second, third and fourth load are selected so that R1=R2=?f*R3=?f*R4, with R1, R2, R3, R4 being a resistance of the first, second, third and fourth loads, respectively, and ?f a common-base current gain of the switching devices.

Abstract: An ultra-small camera module with wide field of view includes (a) a wafer-level lens system for forming, on an image plane, an image of a wide field-of-view scene, wherein the wafer-level lens system includes (i) a distal planar surface positioned closest to the scene and no more than 2.5 millimeters away from the image plane in direction along optical axis of the wafer-level lens system, and (ii) a plurality of lens elements optically coupled in series along the optical axis, each of the lens elements having a curved surface, and (b) an image sensor mechanically coupled to the wafer-level lens system and including a rectangular array of photosensitive pixels, positioned at the image plane, for capturing the image, wherein cross section of the ultra-small camera module, orthogonal to the optical axis, is rectangular with side lengths no greater than 1.5 millimeters.

Abstract: A compact three-surface wafer-level lens system for imaging a scene onto an image plane includes a one-sided wafer-level lens and a two-sided wafer-level lens disposed between the one-sided wafer-level lens and the image plane. The total track length of the wafer-level lens system is no more than 2.2 millimeters. The maximum transverse extent (in dimensions transverse to the optical axis) of the lens system and associated light propagating therethrough is no greater than 1.8 millimeters. The field of view angle of the lens system is at least 100 degrees.

Abstract: A compact three-surface wafer-level lens system for imaging a scene onto an image plane includes a one-sided wafer-level lens and a two-sided wafer-level lens disposed between the one-sided wafer-level lens and the image plane. The total track length of the wafer-level lens system is no more than 2.2 millimeters. The maximum transverse extent (in dimensions transverse to the optical axis) of the lens system and associated light propagating therethrough is no greater than 1.8 millimeters. The field of view angle of the lens system is at least 100 degrees.

Abstract: A four-surface narrow field-of-view compound lens includes a first biplanar substrate between a first lens and a second lens, the first lens being plano-convex and the second lens being plano-concave. The compound lens also includes a second biplanar substrate between a third lens and a fourth lens, the third lens being plano-convex and the fourth lens being plano-concave. The second lens and third lens are between the first biplanar substrate and the second biplanar substrate. The first lens, second lens, third lens, and fourth lens are coaxial and are formed of materials having a first, second, third, and fourth Abbe number respectively and focal lengths F1, F2, F3, and F4 respectively. The first Abbe number exceeds the second Abbe number and the third Abbe number exceeds the fourth Abbe number. Ratio F1/F2 may satisfy ?0.32<F1/F2<?0.18 and ratio F4/F3 may satisfy ?0.72<F4/F3<?0.48.

Abstract: The present invention features compounds effective in inhibiting active against Hepatitis C virus (“HCV”) polymerase. The invention also features processes of making such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat HCV infection.

Abstract: A method, a device and a terminal for switching an operating system provided in the present disclosure, are related to a field of information technology and can simplify operations and improve user experience. The method includes: firstly detecting whether a second application in a second operating system is ended when a running operating system in user equipment is switched from a first operating system to the second operating system; switching the running operating system in the user equipment from the second operating system back to the first operating system when the second application is ended, and running a first application. The present disclosure is applicable to the user equipment to switch the running operating system from the second operating system back to the first operating system and run the first application.

Abstract: A current-to-voltage converter receives a current which varies with temperature according to a selected one of two or more temperature coefficient factors and converts it to a temperature-dependent voltage to be used as a control signal to a varactor in a voltage controlled oscillator, VCO, to compensate for temperature-induced frequency drift in the VCO. A feedback arrangement with hysteresis is provided for controlling the selection of the temperature coefficient factor and operates by comparing the temperature-dependent voltage with a reference voltage. The reference voltage may be pre-set and equivalent to a known operating temperature. A switching signal is generated when Vout approaches the reference voltage and in response, a control module generates a selection signal for selecting a different temperature coefficient factor.

Abstract: A two-surface narrow field-of-view (FOV) compound lens for producing an image of an object at an image plane of an imaging system includes a biplanar substrate between a plano-convex lens and a plano-concave lens having a common optical axis. The plano-convex lens has a first planar surface on a first side of the biplanar substrate and is formed of a material having a first Abbe number. The plano-concave lens has a second planar surface on a second side of the biplanar substrate opposite the first side, and is formed of a material having a second Abbe number less than the first Abbe number. The first and second lens have respective focal lengths F1 and F2 that may satisfy ?1.4<F2/F1<?0.9. The compound lens may have a total track length T and an effective focal length feff such that their ratio satisfies 0.88<T/feff<0.98.

Abstract: The present invention features compounds effective in inhibiting active against Hepatitis C virus (“HCV”) polymerase. The invention also features processes of making such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat HCV infection.

Abstract: A method of re-centering a voltage controlled oscillator of a wireless device comprising a phase locked loop circuit is described. The method comprises receiving an input frequency signal at a phase detector of the phase locked loop circuit from a frequency source; generating an oscillator signal based on the received frequency signal; selectably opening a feedback loop of the phase locked loop circuit when in a calibration mode of operation, performing coarse frequency tuning of the oscillator output signal; performing fine frequency tuning of a coarsely adjusted oscillator output signal; and closing the feedback loop.

Abstract: A current-to-voltage converter receives a current which varies with temperature according to a selected one of two or more temperature coefficient factors and converts it to a temperature-dependent voltage to be used as a control signal to a varactor in a voltage controlled oscillator, VCO, to compensate for temperature-induced frequency drift in the VCO. A feedback arrangement with hysteresis is provided for controlling the selection of the temperature coefficient factor and operates by comparing the temperature-dependent voltage with a reference voltage. The reference voltage may be pre-set and equivalent to a known operating temperature. A switching signal is generated when Vout approaches the reference voltage and in response a control module generates a selection signal for selecting a different temperature coefficient factor.

Abstract: A method for making a mask includes receiving an integrated circuit (IC) design layout and identifying at least one targeted-feature-surrounding-location (TFSL) in the IC design layout, wherein TFSL is identified by a model-based approach. The method further includes inserting at least one phase bar (PB) in the IC design layout and performing an optical proximity correction (OPC) to the IC design layout having the at least one PB to form a modified IC design layout. A mask is then fabricated based on the modified IC design layout.

Abstract: A wide-angle camera and fabrication method thereof includes a sensor with a plurality of pixel sub-arrays and an array of optical elements on a first side of a substrate. Each of the optical elements is capable of forming an image from a field of view onto a different one of the pixel sub-arrays. The wide-angle camera also includes an array of achromatic doublet prisms on a second side of the substrate, where each of the achromatic doublet prisms is aligned to provide a viewing angle with a different one of the optical elements. The sensor captures a wide-angle field of view while having a compact format.

Abstract: A peak detector circuit comprises a first output coupled to ground by a first load and to emitter terminals of first and second switching devices. A second output is coupled to ground by a second load and to emitter terminals of third and fourth switching devices. A third output is coupled to a supply voltage node by a third load and to collector terminals of the first and second switching devices. A fourth output is coupled to the supply voltage node by a fourth load and to collector terminals of the third and fourth switching devices. The first, second, third, and fourth switching devices have control terminals which are biased with a common bias voltage. The first, second, third and fourth load are selected so that R1=R2=?f*R3=?f*R4, with R1, R2, R3, R4 being a resistance of the first, second, third and fourth loads, respectively, and ?f a common-base current gain of the switching devices.

Abstract: A wide-angle camera and fabrication method thereof includes a sensor with a plurality of pixel sub-arrays and an array of optical elements on a first side of a substrate. Each of the optical elements is capable of forming an image from a field of view onto a different one of the pixel sub-arrays. The wide-angle camera also includes an array of achromatic doublet prisms on a second side of the substrate, where each of the achromatic doublet prisms is aligned to provide a viewing angle with a different one of the optical elements. The sensor captures a wide-angle field of view while having a compact format.

Abstract: A wide-angle camera and fabrication method thereof includes a sensor with a plurality of pixel sub-arrays and an array of optical elements on a first side of a substrate. Each of the optical elements is capable of forming an image from a field of view onto a different one of the pixel sub-arrays. The wide-angle camera also includes an array of achromatic doublet prisms on a second side of the substrate, where each of the achromatic doublet prisms is aligned to provide a viewing angle with a different one of the optical elements. The sensor captures a wide-angle field of view while having a compact format.

Abstract: An integrated circuit comprises a frequency dependent circuit comprising an input node, an output node and a main bank of selectable first capacitive elements that affect a frequency characteristic of the frequency dependent circuit. The frequency dependent circuit further comprises at least one shunt bank of selectable second capacitive elements located between ground and one of the input node or the output node, wherein at least one selectable second capacitive element switched out of the frequency dependent circuit is based on a number of the selectable first capacitive elements that are switched into the frequency dependent circuit.

Abstract: A wafer-level lens system includes one or more wafer-level lenses, each of the one or more wafer-level lenses having a substrate with opposing first and second surfaces, a first lens element of a first material and disposed on the first surface, and a second lens element of a second material and disposed on the second surface, wherein, for at least one of the one or more wafer-level lenses, the first material is different from the second material. Another wafer-level lens system includes three wafer-level lenses optically coupled in series with each other, each of the three wafer-level lenses having a substrate with opposing first and second surfaces, a first lens element disposed on the first surface and having an aspheric surface facing away from the first surface, and a second lens element disposed on the second surface and having an aspheric surface facing away from the second surface.