Abstract: A method of forming foam material is provided, which includes mixing 100 parts by weight of a compound having cyclic carbonate groups and a foaming agent to form a foaming composition, wherein the foaming agent includes 3 to 13 parts by weight of carbamate salt and 15 to 65 parts by weight of amino compound. The foaming composition is heated to 100° C. to 170° C. for decomposing the carbamate salt into CO2 and amino compound, and the amino compound is reacted with the compound having cyclic carbonate groups to form the foam material.

Abstract: A method of forming foam material is provided, which includes mixing 100 parts by weight of a compound having cyclic carbonate groups and a foaming agent to form a foaming composition, wherein the foaming agent includes 3 to 13 parts by weight of carbamate salt and 15 to 65 parts by weight of amino compound. The foaming composition is heated to 100° C. to 170° C. for decomposing the carbamate salt into CO2 and amino compound, and the amino compound is reacted with the compound having cyclic carbonate groups to form the foam material.

Abstract: A reticle carrier described herein is configured to quickly discharge the residual charge on a reticle so as to reduce, minimize, and/or prevent particles in the reticle carrier from being attracted to and/or transferred to the reticle. In particular, the reticle carrier may be configured to provide reduced capacitance between an inner baseplate of the reticle carrier and the reticle. The reduction in capacitance may reduce the resistance-capacitance (RC) time constant for discharging the residual charge on the reticle, which may increase the discharge speed for discharging the residual charge through support pins of the reticle carrier. The increase in discharge speed may reduce the likelihood that an electrostatic force in the reticle carrier may attract particles in the reticle carrier to the reticle.

Abstract: An EUV photolithography system utilizes a baseplate of an EUV pod to unload an EUV reticle from a chuck within an EUV scanner. The baseplate includes a top surface and support pins extending from the top surface. The when the reticle is unloaded onto the baseplate, the support pins hold the reticle at relatively large distance from the top surface of the baseplate. The support pins have a relatively low resistance. The large distance and low resistance help ensure that particles do not travel from the baseplate to the reticle during unloading.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a magnetic assembly includes: an inner permeance annulus; and an outer permeance annulus connected to the inner permeance annulus via magnets, wherein the outer permeance annulus comprises a peak region with a thickness greater than other regions of the outer permeance annulus.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a magnetic assembly includes: an inner permeance annulus; and an outer permeance annulus connected to the inner permeance annulus via magnets, wherein the outer permeance annulus comprises a peak region with a thickness greater than other regions of the outer permeance annulus.

Abstract: A method of forming foam material is provided, which includes mixing 100 parts by weight of a compound having cyclic carbonate groups and a foaming agent to form a foaming composition, wherein the foaming agent includes 3 to 13 parts by weight of carbamate salt and 15 to 65 parts by weight of amino compound. The foaming composition is heated to 100° C. to 170° C. for decomposing the carbamate salt into CO2 and amino compound, and the amino compound is reacted with the compound having cyclic carbonate groups to form the foam material.

Abstract: A polyurethane urea composition and a preparation method thereof are provided. The method includes mixing and reacting an urea and an amine compound to obtain a polyurea oligomer, and mixing and reacting the polyurea oligomer and a cyclic carbonate compound to obtain a polyurethane urea composition having a repeating unit represented by formula I: —R2—U2—U1—U2—R2—, wherein ??[formula I] U1 is a is an integer of 1 to 10000, each U2 is independently each R1 is independently a C1 to C20 alkylene group, a C3 to C20 cycloalkylene group, a C8 to C20 alkylarylene group, a polyether group having a weight-average molecular weight of 100 g/mol to 10000 g/mol, or a combination thereof, and each R2 is independently an aliphatic group, a cycloaliphatic group, an aromatic group substituted by an alkyl or an unsubstituted aromatic group, an oligo polyether group, an oligo polyester group, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a magnetic assembly includes: an inner permeance annulus; and an outer permeance annulus connected to the inner permeance annulus via magnets, wherein the outer permeance annulus comprises a peak region with a thickness greater than other regions of the outer permeance annulus.

Abstract: A polyurethane urea composition and a preparation method thereof are provided. The method includes mixing and reacting an urea and an amine compound to obtain a polyurea oligomer, and mixing and reacting the polyurea oligomer and a cyclic carbonate compound to obtain a polyurethane urea composition having a repeating unit represented by formula I: —R2—U2—U1—U2—R2, wherein ??[formula I] U1 is a is an integer of 1 to 10000, each U2 is independently each R1 is independently a C1 to C20 alkyl group, a C3 to C20 cycloalkyl group, a C8 to C20 alkylaryl group, a polyether group having a weight-average molecular weight of 100 g/mol to 10000 g/mol, or a combination thereof, and each R2 is independently an aliphatic group, a cycloaliphatic group, an aromatic group substituted by an alkyl or an unsubstituted aromatic group, an oligo polyether group, an oligo polyester group, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst and a method for synthesizing cyclic carbonate using the catalyst are provided. The catalyst includes a metal complex shown in formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R4, and R5 are independently a C1-C25 alkyl group, a C1-C25 alkoxy group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C25 aryl group, a C6-C25 aryloxy group, a C7-C25 aralkyl group, a C7-C25 aralkoxy group, or halogen; R3 is hydrogen, a C1-C25 alkyl group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C25 aryl group, a C6-C25 aryloxy group, a C7-C25 aralkyl group, or a C7-C25 aralkoxy group; M is Sn or Ti; X is Cl, Br, I, or OAc; and L represents ether or furan.

Abstract: A catalyst system includes a transition metal salt containing a halo group, an acetate group, or a combination thereof, and an organic phosphine ligand. The molar ratio of the organic phosphine ligand to the transition metal salt is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 50.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst system is provided. The catalyst system includes a metal complex of Formula (I), an organic lithium compound and an organic compound having a cyclic structure including at least one double bond. In Formula (I), M is transition metals. R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different, including hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, and C1-8 alkoxy, or two of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are linked together to form a ring. X1, X2 and X3 are a cyclic group, hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl or alkoxy, wherein when one of X1, X2 and X3 is a cyclic group, and the others are the same or different, including hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl or alkoxy. The invention also provides a selective hydrogenation process utilizing the catalyst system.

Abstract: A catalyst system includes a transition metal salt containing a halo group, an acetate group, or a combination thereof, and an organic phosphine ligand. The molar ratio of the organic phosphine ligand to the transition metal salt is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 50.

Abstract: A catalyst system and a method for manufacturing cyclic carbonate by the same are provided. The catalyst system includes a transition metal salt containing a halo group, an acetate group, or a combination thereof, and an organic phosphine ligand. The molar ratio of the organic phosphine ligand to the transition metal salt is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 50.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fire-resistant composite material comprising: at least one inorganic component and at least one nonisocyanate polyurethane having a formula of: wherein R and R? are each independently chosen from hydrocarbylene groups and hydrocarbylene groups having at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; and n is an integer chosen from 1 to 30. Also provided are processes for preparing the disclosed fire-resistant composite material.

Abstract: A catalyst system and a method for manufacturing cyclic carbonate by the same are provided. The catalyst system includes a transition metal salt containing a halo group, an acetate group, or a combination thereof, and an organic phosphine ligand. The molar ratio of the organic phosphine ligand to the transition metal salt is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 50.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a carbon-nanomaterial-supported catalyst, including: a carbon nanomaterial, and a polymer grafted onto the carbon nanomaterial, wherein the polymer has a repeat unit containing a phosphonium salt and its molecular weight is 1,000-200,000. The disclosure is also related to a method of preparing carbonate, which includes using the carbon nanomaterial-supported catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide into the epoxy group.

Abstract: The disclosed is a comb-shaped graft copolymer, including a back bone of PMMA and side chains of a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a homopolymer polymerized of a monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond. The monomer can be alkyl acrylate, styrene, and the likes. The side chains terminal is grafted to a nitro-oxy compound.

Abstract: The disclosed is a comb-shaped graft copolymer, including a back bone of PMMA and side chains of a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a homopolymer polymerized of a monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond. The monomer can be alkyl acrylate, styrene, and the likes. The side chains terminal is grafted to a nitro-oxy compound.