Abstract: The present invention provides a 4D-printed humidity and magnetic dual responsive actuator with a bilayer structure, including a hydrogel film and a numerous of magnetic elastomer filaments, the numerous of magnetic elastomer filaments are printed on the hydrogel film to formed the bilayer structure, wherein the magnetic elastomer filaments are elastomer filaments embedded with magnetic particles, and the dual responsive actuator capable of responding to both humidity and magnetic fields, resulting in a reversible deformation that transforms into helix structures. The printed actuators can initially deform into helix structures in response to humidity stimuli and rapidly contract to a smaller size with the activation of a magnetic field. The shape deformation of this dual-responsive actuator is programmable and reversible, with stable and excellent repeatability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-efficiency buoyancy-driven convection-based 3D solar evaporator designed for the simultaneous rejection of salt and stable evaporation of high salinity water. The product combines different strategies, including engineered wick structure, low tortuosity macrochannels and edge-preferential salt crystallization. As a result, this evaporator demonstrates a stable evaporation rate of at least 2.5 kg m?2 h?1 under solar irradiance of 1 kW m?2 with sea water or salt solution of salinity of over 8 wt %.