Abstract: A photovoltaic device and related methods of manufacture. The device has a support substrate having a support surface region. The device has a thickness of crystalline material characterized by a plurality of worm hole structures therein overlying the support surface region of the support substrate. The worm hole structures are characterized by a density distribution. The one or more worm hole structures have respective surface regions. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of crystalline material has an upper surface region. The device has a passivation material overlying the surface regions to cause a reduction of a electron-hole recombination process. A glue layer is provided between the support surface region and the thickness of crystalline material. A textured surface region formed overlying from the upper surface region of the thickness of crystalline material.

Abstract: Method and structure for hydrogenation of silicon substrates with shaped covers. According to an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a photovoltaic material. The method includes providing a semiconductor substrate. The method also includes forming a crystalline material characterized by a plurality of worm hole structures therein overlying the semiconductor substrate. The worm hole structures are characterized by a density distribution from a surface region of the crystalline material to a defined depth within a z-direction of the surface region to form a thickness of material to be detached. The method further includes providing a glue layer overlying a surface region of the crystalline material. The method includes joining the surface region of the crystalline material via the glue layer to a support substrate.

Abstract: In fluorescent lamp lighting, it is required that when the lamp reaches its end of life there has to be some mechanism to shut down the power supply to the lamp for safety. In the present invention, an apparatus is proposed to fulfill this requirement. This invention comprises of a lamp, means to sense currents at the lamp filaments and the imbalance of the currents is detected and turn off the power source to the lamp. Several embodiments are included to illustrate the execution of this invention.