Abstract: A radiative cooling apparatus including a layer of a material. The layer defines an exterior face. The material has a composition such that the layer is configured to reflect, at the exterior face, at least partly of the incoming electromagnetic radiation of at least some wavelengths in the solar spectrum. The layer is further configured to emit thermally-generated electromagnetic emission of at least some mid-infrared wavelengths out from the exterior face. Ceramics provided by embodiments of the invention could produce extra cooling effect without any electricity consumption, creating a prominent benefit to the energy saving of air conditioning systems of buildings.

Abstract: A radiative cooling apparatus including a layer of a material. The layer defines an exterior face. The material has a composition such that the layer is configured to reflect, at the exterior face, at least partly of the incoming electromagnetic radiation of at least some wavelengths in the solar spectrum. The layer is further configured to emit thermally-generated electromagnetic emission of at least some mid-infrared wavelengths out from the exterior face. Ceramics provided by embodiments of the invention could produce extra cooling effect without any electricity consumption, creating a prominent benefit to the energy saving of air conditioning systems of buildings.

Abstract: Provided is a low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosarninoglycan, with the constituent units thereof being a glucuronic acid group, an N-acetaminogalactose group and a fucose group, and a sulfate ester group or acetyl ester group thereof. Glucuronic acid and N-acetaminogalactose are interconnected via ?(1-3) and ?(1-4) glucosidic bonds to form a backbone of a disaccharide repeating structural unit, and a fucose group is connected to the backbone as a side chain. On a molar ratio basis, the ratio of the glucuronic acid group:the N-acetaminogalactose group:the fucose group is 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.6-1.2). In the structure of the low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosaminoglycan, 10-30% of glucuronic acid groups are modified, on the 2-position, with a sulfate ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl groups; and a proportion of 10-30% of fucose groups is modified, on the 2-position, with an acetyl ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl or sulfate ester groups.

Abstract: Provided is a low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosarninoglycan, with the constituent units thereof being a glucuronic acid group, an N-acetaminogalactose group and a fucose group, and a sulfate ester group or acetyl ester group thereof. Glucuronic acid and N-acetaminogalactose are interconnected via ?(1-3) and ?(1-4) glucosidic bonds to form a backbone of a disaccharide repeating structural unit, and a fucose group is connected to the backbone as a side chain. On a molar ratio basis, the ratio of the glucuronic acid group:the N-acetaminogalactose group:the fucose group is 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.6-1.2). In the structure of the low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosaminoglycan, 10-30% of glucuronic acid groups are modified, on the 2-position, with a sulfate ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl groups; and a proportion of 10-30% of fucose groups is modified, on the 2-position, with an acetyl ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl or sulfate ester groups.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the volumetric flow of a metering valve (131) of a fluidic metering system (100) of an internal combustion engine, in which at least one feed pump (111) for feeding a fluid is arranged, the feed pump (111) being connected to a feed line (207) and to a return line (160), and it being provided in particular that an inner leakage of the feed pump (111) is determined and that the volumetric flow of the metering valve (131) is monitored on the basis of ascertained (320, 325) pressure values on the basis of the determined inner leakage of the feed pump (350).

Abstract: A method for monitoring the volumetric flow of a metering valve (131) of a fluidic metering system (100) of an internal combustion engine, in which at least one feed pump (111) for feeding a fluid is arranged, the feed pump (111) being connected to a feed line (207) and to a return line (160), and it being provided in particular that an inner leakage of the feed pump (111) is determined and that the volumetric flow of the metering valve (131) is monitored on the basis of ascertained (320, 325) pressure values on the basis of the determined inner leakage of the feed pump (350).

Abstract: A filter element for a liquid filter is arranged in the liquid filter housing that has at least two housing parts such that an inlet of the housing for liquid to be filtered is separated from an outlet of the housing for filtered liquid. The filter element has a filter medium provided with a terminal disk. The terminal disk has a seal support for an outer radial annular seal that is to be clamped in a clamping area between the housing parts that are separable from each other. The seal support of the filter element has axially at least a base member and a cover member. The base member is fixedly connected to the terminal disk. The cover member is attached to the terminal disk, to the base member, or to terminal disk and base member. The annular seal is positioned between base member and cover member.

Abstract: The invention describes an exchangeable filter element (14) for upright installation in a filter system (10) for liquids, in particular oil, fuel or water, in particular of a motor vehicle, a receptacle (18), which is fixed with respect to the system, of the filter system (10), and the filter system (10). The exchangeable filter element (14) comprises a filter housing (46) with an end wall (50, 52) to which a central connecting piece (16) is fastened. An encircling annular seal (90) is designed such that, when the exchangeable filter element (14) is installed, said annular seal closes off an aeration and/or deaeration duct (44) of the receptacle (18), which is fixed with respect to the system, for the connecting piece (16).

Abstract: A filter element for a liquid filter is arranged in the liquid filter housing that has at least two housing parts such that an inlet of the housing for liquid to be filtered is separated from an outlet of the housing for filtered liquid. The filter element has a filter medium provided with a terminal disk. The terminal disk has a seal support for an outer radial annular seal that is to be clamped in a clamping area between the housing parts that are separable from each other. The seal support of the filter element has axially at least a base member and a cover member. The base member is fixedly connected to the terminal disk. The cover member is attached to the terminal disk, to the base member, or to terminal disk and base member. The annular seal is positioned between base member and cover member.