Abstract: A microscopic optical imaging system for a living cell, relating to the technical field of living cell culture, observation and detection equipment. The microscopic optical imaging system for a living cell includes a sample stage device, a microscopic optical imaging device, a first linear motion device, a second linear motion device, a third linear motion device, and a worktable device. The microscopic optical imaging device is driven by the first linear motion device to move, the sample stage device is driven by the third linear motion device to move, and the microscopic optical imaging device is driven by the second linear motion device to adjust the resolution for imaging, so that the imaging of living cell samples in regions is realized in a non-contact manner and the resolution for imaging is adjusted; meanwhile, the volume of the microscopic optical imaging system for a living cell is reduced.