Abstract: A vacuum chamber inlet device includes a gas providing element (10), a plurality of flow control element (20), and a plurality of gas input elements (30). The gas providing element has an inlet (11) and a plurality of outlets (12). The flow control elements are connected to the outlets of the gas input element. Each of the gas input elements has a first end (31) and a second end (32). The first end is connected to the flow control elements, and the second end is disposed in the vacuum chamber. A gas vent (33) is formed on the second end.

Abstract: A housing (100) includes a housing base (10), a chromium film (12), and a chromium carbide film (14). The housing base is made of a material of metal or metal alloys. The chromium film is formed on a surface of the housing base, and the chromium carbide film is formed on a surface of the chromium film. The present invention also provides a method for making the housing.

Abstract: Cationic lipids are provided which are useful in the preparation of liposomes and other lipid vesicle carriers. The lipids of the invention are particularly useful as carriers of nucleic acids and other negatively charged substances, for delivery to cells.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the introduction of polyanionic molecules, in particular, nucleic acids, into mammalian cells using certain phosphatidyl ethanolamines as helper lipids in conjunction with various cationic lipids. In particular, cationic lipid-mediated transfection of mammalian cells is improved by the use of lipid carriers comprising DLPE or DiPPE and cationic lipids.

Abstract: Cationic derivatives of biguanide are provided, which are useful in the preparation of lipid carriers for mediating transfection of mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract: Compounds which are analogs of etoposide and which exhibit anti-tumor activity are disclosed. These compounds having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently selected from H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, C.sub.3 H.sub.7, i--C.sub.3 H.sub.7, C.sub.4 H.sub.9, CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 , OC.sub.3 H.sub.7, OC.sub.4 H.sub.9, O--i--C.sub.3 H.sub.7, O--i--C.sub.4 H.sub.9, --OCH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--, CH.sub.2 OH, C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH, CH.sub.2 Cl C.sub.2 H.sub.4 Cl, CH.sub.2 F, C.sub.2 H.sub.4 F, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, COCH.sub.3, COC.sub.2 H.sub.5, CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5, NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2, NH.sub.2.HCl, NH.sub.2.HAc, NH.sub.2.1/2H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 , NH.sub.2.1/3H.sub.3 PO.sub.4, N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2, OH, CN, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2 H, SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2 , SO.sub.

Abstract: Novel podophyllotoxin compounds and their use in treating tumors are disclosed.