Abstract: An electrochemical cell and a method of manufacturing the electrochemical cell are provided. The method includes: spraying a precursor solution on an anode, the precursor solution including a metal salt dissolved in a solvent and the anode being at a temperature of 250° C. or greater; reacting the metal salt on the anode to form a buffer layer; and attaching a solid-state electrolyte to the buffer layer.

Abstract: A cathode particle has a core and an outer layer. The core includes a lithium (Li) transition metal (M) oxide. The outer layer is disposed conformally around and substantially encloses the core. The core facilitates oxygen anion redox activity and M cation redox activity. The outer layer substantially prevents oxygen anion redox and oxygen loss in the outer layer. The outer layer of the cathode particle may have a first crystal structure. The outer layer's first crystal structure may be at least one of a layered crystal structure or a spinel crystal structure. The core of the cathode particle may have a second crystal structure that is a layered crystal structure. The core may have a single-crystalline structure. The outer layer may be LiMn0.75Ni0.25O2 or LiMn0.5Ni0.5O4.