Abstract: A light detecting element for detecting rotations of a wheel is provided. The light detecting element includes a circuit board and an optical transceiver component. The circuit board has a first conductive layer and a first insulation layer. The first conductive layer has a first heat dissipation region, and the first insulation layer covers the first conductive layer and exposes the first heat dissipation region. The optical transceiver component is disposed on the first heat dissipation region and electrically connected to the circuit board. The optical transceiver component includes a light emitter and a light receiver, the light emitter is adapted to emit a light signal to the wheel, and the light receiver is adapted to receive the light signal reflected from the wheel. The invention further provides a projection apparatus having the light detecting element.

Abstract: A contactor and a contactor system are provided. The contactor comprises: a fixed contact; a movable contact capable of moving towards or away from the fixed contact; two arc ignition sheets for the movable contact, being positioned respectively at two sides opposite to each other of the movable contact in a first direction and fixed and electrically connected to the movable contact; two arc ignition sheets for the fixed contact, being positioned respectively at two sides opposite to each other of the fixed contact in the first direction and fixed and electrically connected to the fixed contact; and two arc-extinguishing chambers being arranged respectively on extension lines extending from the movable contact to the two arc ignition sheets for the movable contact in the first direction, wherein the two arc ignition sheets for the movable contact form an incomplete encirclement for the movable contact.

Abstract: A fuse protector with a plurality of fuses comprises a fuse protector base, a fuse carrier, and fuse elements. The fuse elements are disposed on the fuse carrier, and the fuse carrier is inserted in the fuse protector base. One side of the fuse protector base is provided with at least two wiring assemblies, and the other side of the fuse protector base is provided with at least two wiring assemblies. The fuse protector base is further provided with base contacts corresponding to the wiring assemblies. The fuse carrier is inserted into the fuse protector base. When the fuse carrier is pulled out of the fuse protector base, at least four breaking points are formed at the same time, and the voltage of an arc is distributed to the four contact points. Therefore, the voltage of the arc is effectively reduced, space is saved.

Abstract: A breaker comprises a static contact, a moving contact, and an arc-extinguishing chamber. A contact surface of an electrical contact of the static contact and an electrical contact of the moving contact and a bottom plane of a base form an acute angle that is located in the first quadrant. The moving contact comprises a conducting rod having a projecting portion, and the electrical contact which is welded on an end surface of the projecting portion in a direction facing the electrical contact of the static contact. A bottom arc-ignition grid plate on the bottom of the arc-extinguishing chamber is arranged lower than the electrical contact of the static contact. A top arc-ignition grid plate on the top of the arc-extinguishing chamber is arranged higher than the maximum position of the electrical contact of the moving contact when the moving contact is opened.

Abstract: A contact system in a low-voltage switch and a low-voltage switch are provided. The contact system comprises a bifurcated contact and a movable contact. The bifurcated contact has an upper bifurcated end and a lower bifurcated end. Electrical contact portions are respectively arranged on insides of the upper bifurcated end and the lower bifurcated end. Electrical contact portions are respectively arranged on upper and lower surfaces of an execution end of the movable contact corresponding to the electrical contact portions of the bifurcated contact. When the contact system is switched on and powered up, electrodynamic repulsion forces produced at the electrical contact portions of the bifurcated contact are offset, so that the contact system can stably maintain an ON state, thereby improving a short-time current withstand capability of a low-voltage switch using the contact system. (FIG.

Abstract: A contactor and a contactor system are provided. The contactor comprises: a fixed contact; a movable contact capable of moving towards or away from the fixed contact; two arc ignition sheets for the movable contact, being positioned respectively at two sides opposite to each other of the movable contact in a first direction and fixed and electrically connected to the movable contact; two arc ignition sheets for the fixed contact, being positioned respectively at two sides opposite to each other of the fixed contact in the first direction and fixed and electrically connected to the fixed contact; and two arc-extinguishing chambers being arranged respectively on extension lines extending from the movable contact to the two arc ignition sheets for the movable contact in the first direction, wherein the two arc ignition sheets for the movable contact form an incomplete encirclement for the movable contact.

Abstract: A fuse protector with a plurality of fuses comprises a fuse protector base, a fuse carrier), and fuse elements. The fuse elements are disposed on the fuse carrier, and the fuse carrier is inserted in the fuse protector base. One side of the fuse protector base is provided with at least two wiring assemblies, and the other side of the fuse protector base is provided with at least two wiring assemblies. The fuse protector base is further provided with base contacts corresponding to the wiring assemblies. The fuse carrier is inserted into the fuse protector base. When the fuse carrier is pulled out of the fuse protector base, at least four breaking points are formed at the same time, and the voltage of an arc is distributed to the four contact points. Therefore, the voltage of the arc is effectively reduced, space is saved.

Abstract: A breaker comprises a static contact, a moving contact, and an arc-extinguishing chamber. A contact surface of an electrical contact of the static contact and an electrical contact of the moving contact and a bottom plane of a base form an acute angle that is located in the first quadrant. The moving contact comprises a conducting rod having a projecting portion, and the electrical contact which is welded on an end surface of the projecting portion in a direction facing the electrical contact of the static contact. A bottom arc-ignition grid plate on the bottom of the arc-extinguishing chamber is arranged lower than the electrical contact of the static contact. A top arc-ignition grid plate on the top of the arc-extinguishing chamber is arranged higher than the maximum position of the electrical contact of the moving contact when the moving contact is opened.

Abstract: A hot zone heat transfer structure of a Stirling engine is provided. One end of a cylinder includes a heated head, with its end wall connected with a hot air pipe. The cylinder accommodates a piston. The piston has an end surface corresponding to the end wall, between which a hot zone is defined. The end wall is fitted with a protruding heat conductor towards the piston, and the end surface is fitted with a concave heat-conducting portion, enabling normal overlapping of the ends of both the heat conductor and the heat-conducting portion. The overlapping may vary with the changing locations of the piston. A flanged section is set externally onto said heat conductor towards the exterior of the end wall. The heat from the head can be transferred to the central area of the hot zone via the help of the heat conductor and heat-conducting portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous on-line measurement of chemical composition of aerosol particles with a fast time resolution is provided. The apparatus includes an enhanced particle size magnifier for producing activated aerosol particles and an enhanced collection device which collects the activated aerosol particles into a liquid stream for quantitative analysis by analytical means. Methods for on-line measurement of chemical composition of aerosol particles are also provided, the method including exposing aerosol carrying sample air to hot saturated steam thereby forming activated aerosol particles; collecting the activated aerosol particles by a collection device for delivery as a jet stream onto an impaction surface; and flushing off the activated aerosol particles from the impaction surface into a liquid stream for delivery of the collected liquid stream to an analytical instrument for quantitative measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous on-line measurement of chemical composition of aerosol particles with a fast time resolution is provided. The apparatus includes an enhanced particle size magnifier for producing activated aerosol particles and an enhanced collection device which collects the activated aerosol particles into a liquid stream for quantitative analysis by analytical means. Methods for on-line measurement of chemical composition of aerosol particles are also provided, the method including exposing aerosol carrying sample air to hot saturated steam thereby forming activated aerosol particles; collecting the activated aerosol particles by a collection device for delivery as a jet stream onto an impaction surface; and flushing off the activated aerosol particles from the impaction surface into a liquid stream for delivery of the collected liquid stream to an analytical instrument for quantitative measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuous on-line measurement of chemical composition of aerosol particles with a fast time resolution are provided. The apparatus includes a modified particle size magnifier for producing activated aerosol particles and a collection device which collects the activated aerosol particles into a liquid stream for quantitative analysis by analytical methods. The method provided for on-line measurement of chemical composition of aerosol particles includes exposing aerosol carrying sample air to hot saturated steam thereby forming activated aerosol particles; collecting the activated aerosol particles by a collection device for delivery as a jet stream onto an impaction surface; flushing off the activated aerosol particles from the impaction surface into a liquid stream for delivery of the collected liquid stream to an analytical instrument for quantitative measurement.