Abstract: An online system receives data and processes the data in a data processing pipeline. To data loss in the data processing pipeline, the online system determines a time interval during which each item of data is received and associates a set of counters with each time interval. For each time interval, an input counter is incremented for each data item received during the time interval and an output counter is incremented for each data item received during the time interval that was processed by the data processing pipeline. The online system compares an input number from the input counter and an output number from the output counter for each time interval. Based on a difference between the input number and output number for a time interval, the online system determines if a loss of data received during the time interval occurred. Lost Data are identified and processed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a use of an inorganic salt or acid capable of producing free phosphate or fluoride ion in reducing the hardness and/or alkalinity of a water system containing residual antiscalant. In the lab test, it is found that the addition of a suitable amount of sodium phosphate or sodium fluoride may induce alkalinity reduction as well as hardness reduction. The production efficiency can be enhanced since the scaling was relieved and heat exchange efficiency can be improved. Meanwhile, lower scaling stress also means lower antiscalant dosage and cost, and thus the total operation cost can be reduced.

Abstract: A coupler is disclosed that employs hall-effect sensing technology. Specifically, the coupler is configured to produce an output voltage by converting the magnetic field generated by a current conductor at an input side. The output and input sides may be electrically isolated from one another but may be coupled via the hall-effect sensing technology, such as a hall-effect sensor. The output and input sides may be provided in an overlapping configuration.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for producing butyric acid comprising fermenting a feedstock using a bacterium. The feedstock comprises lactic acid, or the feedstock comprises lactic acid and at least one carbohydrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides, in part, methods for evaluating, identifying, and/or producing (e.g., manufacturing) a CTLA4-Fc fusion protein, e.g., abatacept. In some instances, methods herein allow highly resolved evaluation of abatacept useful for, inter alia, manufacturing abatacept, characterizing abatacept, identifying and/or confirming abatacept, monitoring the structure of abatacept, comparing abatacept preparations made over time or made under different conditions, and/or controlling the structure of abatacept.

Abstract: Motion of manipulable content in response to input, such as touch input from a user can be defined by criteria set forth by parametric equations. An application that generates manipulable content can be tailored so that the manipulable content responds in a particular way to the input. A programmer can perform such tailoring by providing parametric equations as input to the application. A set of parametric equations can be applied to an input transform to generate an output transform, which can be used to affect motion of manipulable content as represented on an associated display, such as a touch screen display.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids and/or alcohols are produced by a fermentation process comprising: growing an immobilized microorganism capable of producing carboxylic acids and/or alcohols in an aqueous medium and in the presence of an organic medium, and recovering the carboxylic acids and/or alcohols from the organic medium; wherein a mesh is placed at an interface of the organic medium and the aqueous medium; and further wherein the organic medium comprises at least one organic solvent and at least one extractant chosen from tri-alkylphosphine oxides and tri-alkylamines.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for generating neural adaptive behavior, which may be based on neuromodulator-mediated meta-plasticity and/or gain control. In this manner, flexible associations between sensory cues and motor actions are generated, which enable an agent to efficiently gather rewards in a changing environment. One example method generally includes receiving one or more input stimuli; processing the received input stimuli to generate an output signal, wherein the processing is modulated with a first neuromodulation signal generated by a gain control unit; controlling the gain control unit to switch between at least two different neural activity modes, wherein at least one of a level or timing of the first neuromodulation signal generated by the gain control unit is determined based on the neural activity modes; and sending the output signal to an output unit.

Abstract: A system and methods for the efficient segmentation of globally optimal surfaces representing object boundaries in volumetric datasets is provided. An optical surface detection system and methods are provided that are capable of simultaneously detecting multiple interacting surfaces in which the optimality is controlled by the cost functions designed for individual surfaces and by several geometric constraints defining the surface smoothness and interrelations. The present invention includes surface segmentation using a layered graph-theoretic approach that optimally segments multiple interacting surfaces of a single object using a pre-segmentation step, after which the segmentation of all desired surfaces of the object are performed simultaneously in a single optimization process.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for producing butyric acid comprising fermenting a feedstock using a bacterium. The feedstock comprises lactic acid, or the feedstock comprises lactic acid and at least one carbohydrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide access to features of a business management application at a contextually relevant locations within a global workflow. The system gathers data from various application features and user preferences and generates a global workflow diagram reflecting these data. The system and method provide contextual access to various features of the business management application, by way of nodes associated with their contextual location within the global workflow, allowing the user to view the information in its relevant context.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for organizing information in a computer filing system. The method and apparatus include the creation of a pile comprising a collection of documents and displaying a graphical representation of the collection of documents. The method and apparatus further include browsing the collection of documents by pointing a cursor at a particular item in the collection of documents to reveal an indicia for the particular item in the collection of documents. The filing system can automatically divide a pile (e.g. a collection of documents from an electronic mail network) into subpiles on the basis of the content of each document in the pile, and the filing system, at the user's request can automatically file away documents into existing piles in the computer system on the basis of a similarity match between the content (or other internal representation) of the document and the content (or other internal representation) of existing piles in the computer system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for organizing information in a computer filing system. The method and apparatus include the creation of a pile comprising a collection of documents and displaying a graphical representation of the collection of documents. The method and apparatus further include browsing the collection of documents by pointing a cursor at a particular item in the collection of documents to reveal an indicia for the particular item in the collection of documents. The filing system can automatically divide a pile (e.g. a collection of documents from an electronic mail network) into subpiles on the basis of the content of each document in the pile, and the filing system, at the users request can automatically file away documents into existing piles in the computer system on the basis of a similarity match between the content (or other internal representation) of the document and the content (or other internal representation) of existing piles in the computer system.

Abstract: A new behavior in a graphical user interface allows the user to open and close enclosures, while dragging an object. When the user pauses, gestures, or rolls over a hot spot on top of an icon or text representing a closed enclosure, a temporary window for the closed enclosure is “sprung open” to allow the user to browse inside the enclosure and possible open another enclosure contained within the temporary window. This process can be carried on throughout a hierarchy of windows as the user browses for a destination window for the drag operation. All of the temporary windows except the destination are closed when the mouse button is released, signaling the end of a drag. The user may close sprung open windows by simply moving the cursor out of the sprung open window, or by making some other gesture.