Abstract: A method for vitrification of a tissue or organ includes immersing the tissue or organ in increasing concentrations of cryoprotectant solution at a temperature greater than ?15° C. to a cryoprotectant concentration sufficient for vitrification; cooling the tissue or organ at an average rate of from 2.5–100° C. per minute to a temperature between ?80° C. and the glass transition temperature; and further cooling the tissue or organ at an average rate less than 30° C. per minute to a temperature below the glass transition temperature to vitrify the tissue or organ. After the vitrified tissue or organ has been stored, the tissue or organ may be removed from vitrification by warming the tissue or organ at an average rate of from 20–40° C. per minute to a temperature between ?80° C. and the glass transition temperature; further warming the tissue or organ at a rate greater than 80° C. per minute to a temperature above ?75° C.; and reducing the concentration of the cryoprotectant.

Abstract: A method for vitrification of a tissue or organ includes immersing the tissue or organ in increasing concentrations of cryoprotectant solution at a temperature greater than −15° C. to a cryoprotectant concentration sufficient for vitrification; cooling the tissue or organ at an average rate of from 2.5-100° C. per minute to a temperature between −80° C. and the glass transition temperature; and further cooling the tissue or organ at an average rate less than 30° C. per minute to a temperature below the glass transition temperature to vitrify the tissue or organ. After the vitrified tissue or organ has been stored, the tissue or organ may be removed from vitrification by warming the tissue or organ at an average rate of from 20-40° C. per minute to a temperature between −80° C. and the glass transition temperature; further warming the tissue or organ at a rate of from 200-300° C. per minute to a temperature above −75° C.

Abstract: Preferred ice-controlling materials have been found to include 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, 1,4-cyclohexanedione, 1,2-cyclohexandione, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, a mixture of 1,4-cyclohexanediol with one or more of 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, 1,4-cyclohexanedione, 1,2-cyclohexandione and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, charged derivatives of the ice-controlling materials that include one or more charged moieties therein, and polymers including one or more of the ice-controlling materials in the chain thereof. Use of these ice-controlling materials in methods of inhibiting growth of ice crystals, including both cryopreservation and industrial applications such as within gas pipelines, is advantageous.

Abstract: A method for vitrification of a blood vessel includes immersing the blood vessel in increasing concentrations of cryoprotectant solution at a temperature greater than −15° C. to a cryoprotectant concentration sufficient for vitrification; cooling the blood vessel at an average rate of from 30-60° C. per minute to a temperature between −80° C. and the glass transition temperature; and further cooling the blood vessel at an average rate less than 10° C. per minute to a temperature below the glass transition temperature to vitrify the blood vessel. After the vitrified blood vessel has been stored, the blood vessel may be removed from vitrification by warming the blood vessel at an average rate of from 20-40° C. per minute to a temperature between −80° C. and the glass transition temperature; further warming the blood vessel at a rate of from 200-300° C. per minute to a temperature above −15° C.; and reducing the concentration of the cryoprotectant.