Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication includes a control circuit and a receiver (RX) circuit. The control circuit obtains indicator information from another wireless communication system, identifies a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) packet delivery scenario as one of a packet overlapping scenario and a packet non-overlapping scenario according to the indicator information, and generates RX gain control information in response to the TX and RX packet delivery scenario. The RX circuit refers to the RX gain control information to set an RX gain used for receiving data.

Abstract: A communications apparatus includes a plurality of communications circuits and a coexistence management circuit. Each communications circuit is configured to provide wireless communications services in compliance with a protocol. The coexistence management circuit is configured to manage radio activities of the communications circuits. In response to a detection result of at least two radio activities to occur in a subsequent packet time, the coexistence management circuit is configured to determine whether an interference signal related to said at least two radio activities falls in a predetermined frequency band, and when the interference signal falls in the predetermined frequency band, the coexistence management circuit is configured to adjust a transmission power or an execution time of one of said at least two radio activities.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a channel estimation circuit, a beamforming control circuit, and a transmit (TX) circuit. The channel estimation circuit estimates a channel between the wireless communication apparatus and another wireless communication apparatus during at least one first time slot. The beamforming control circuit determines beamforming coefficients according to the estimated channel. The TX circuit applies the beamforming coefficients to transmission of an output data during at least one second time slot later than the at least one first time slot. During the at least one second time slot, the output data is transmitted to another wireless communication apparatus via multiple antennae. The wireless communication apparatus performs communications according to a normal frequency hopping sequence in compliance with a communication specification.

Abstract: A wireless communication includes a control circuit and a receiver (RX) circuit. The control circuit obtains indicator information from another wireless communication system, identifies a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) packet delivery scenario as one of a packet overlapping scenario and a packet non-overlapping scenario according to the indicator information, and generates RX gain control information in response to the TX and RX packet delivery scenario. The RX circuit refers to the RX gain control information to set an RX gain used for receiving data.

Abstract: A communications apparatus includes a plurality of communications circuits and a coexistence management circuit. Each communications circuit is configured to provide wireless communications services in compliance with a protocol. The coexistence management circuit is configured to manage radio activities of the communications circuits. In response to a detection result of at least two radio activities to occur in a subsequent packet time, the coexistence management circuit is configured to determine whether an interference signal related to said at least two radio activities falls in a predetermined frequency band, and when the interference signal falls in the predetermined frequency band, the coexistence management circuit is configured to adjust a transmission power or an execution time of one of said at least two radio activities.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a channel estimation circuit, a beamforming control circuit, and a transmit (TX) circuit. The channel estimation circuit estimates a channel between the wireless communication apparatus and another wireless communication apparatus during at least one first time slot. The beamforming control circuit determines beamforming coefficients according to the estimated channel. The TX circuit applies the beamforming coefficients to transmission of an output data during at least one second time slot later than the at least one first time slot. During the at least one second time slot, the output data is transmitted to another wireless communication apparatus via multiple antennae. The wireless communication apparatus performs communications according to a normal frequency hopping sequence in compliance with a communication specification.

Abstract: An apparatus for descrambling a data retrieved from an optical storage medium comprises a decoder, a memory and a descramble engine. The decoder decodes the data and generates address information corresponding to an address on the optical storage medium, wherein the address responding to a part of the data having been decoded. The memory stores the address information and the part of the data. The descramble engine continuously descrambles the part of the data by retrieving the address information. A method for descrambling a data retrieved from an optical storage medium comprises the following steps: decoding the data; generating address information corresponding to an address on the optical storage medium; storing the address information and a part of the data having been corrected; and descrambling the part of the data continuously by retrieving the address information after the data decoding is interrupted.

Abstract: A system for transferring data read from a data storage medium. The system comprises a memory unit, a controller, a memory management logic, and an output interface. The memory unit stores the data. The controller compares at least one address of the data with at least one defect address and generates a defect notification signal indicating the comparison result. The memory management logic calculates the amount of the data stored in the memory unit for transfer and generates a calculation signal according to the amount of the data and the defect notification signal received from the controller. The output interface retrieves the data from the memory unit and transfers the retrieved data according to the calculation signal received from the memory management logic.

Abstract: A data managing method for an optical disc drive writing data into an optical disc having defects is provided. The optical disc has a user data area and a spare area. The optical disc drive includes a first buffering space and a second buffering space. The data managing method includes: when the first buffering space receives a data corresponding to a defect, not suspending the first buffering space from receiving the user data, and transferring the data, corresponding to the defect and in the first buffering space, to the second buffering space; and when data amount in the second buffering space reaches a predetermined value, suspending the optical disc drive from writing data in the first buffering space into the user data area, and driving the optical disc drive to write data in the second buffering space into the spare area.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for performing a defective-area management adaptive to a slipping replacement algorithm in an optical media with segmented sector/blocks, by either keeping buffering a read user data of the sector/block to a buffer memory, regardless of the read sector/block is defective, or keeping buffering the read user data to two different memories based on whether the sector/block is defective, thereby simplifying the complicated steps due to absence of interruption of data buffering, and therefore raising an operating performance.

Abstract: A data managing method for an optical disc drive writing data into an optical disc having defects is provided. The optical disc has a user data area and a spare area. The optical disc drive includes a first buffering space and a second buffering space. The data managing method includes: when the first buffering space receives a data corresponding to a defect, not suspending the first buffering space from receiving the user data, and transferring the data, corresponding to the defect and in the first buffering space, to the second buffering space; and when data amount in the second buffering space reaches a predetermined value, suspending the optical disc drive from writing data in the first buffering space into the user data area, and driving the optical disc drive to write data in the second buffering space into the spare area.

Abstract: A data managing method for an optical disc drive writing user data into an optical disc having defects. The data managing method includes: determining whether to suspend a first buffering space from receiving the user data according to an amount of data stored in a second buffering space; when the first buffering space receives data corresponding to a defect of the optical disc, not suspending the first buffering space from reading the user data, and transferring the data corresponding to the defect in the first buffering space to a second buffering space; and when an amount of data stored in the second buffering space reaches a predetermined value, suspending the optical disc drive from writing data stored in the first buffering space into a user data area, and driving the optical disc drive to write data stored in the second buffering space into the spare area.

Abstract: An optical storage system includes an optical pickup unit movable across an optical medium. The optical pickup unit has a light detector, a laser diode, and a laser driver signal processor circuit. The laser driver signal processor circuit includes a detected signal processing block for outputting read signals corresponding to light received at the light detector, and a read signal processing block for processing the read signals and generating control signals or synthesis signals according to the read signals. A control unit is coupled to the optical pickup unit for controlling the optical pickup unit and decoding data recovered from the optical medium. The optical storage system further includes encryption and decryption modules or error detection modules for securing commands and information sent between the control unit and the laser driver signal processor circuit against reverse engineering.

Abstract: A system for transferring data read from a data storage medium. The system comprises a memory unit, a controller, a memory management logic, and an output interface. The memory unit stores the data. The controller compares at least one address of the data with at least one defect address and generates a defect notification signal indicating the comparison result. The memory management logic calculates the amount of the data stored in the memory unit for transfer and generates a calculation signal according to the amount of the data and the defect notification signal received from the controller. The output interface retrieves the data from the memory unit and transfers the retrieved data according to the calculation signal received from the memory management logic.

Abstract: An optical storage system includes an optical pickup unit movable across an optical medium. The optical pickup unit has a light detector, a laser diode, and a laser driver signal processor circuit. The laser driver signal processor circuit includes a detected signal processing block for outputting read signals corresponding to light received at the light detector, and a read signal processing block for processing the read signals and generating control signals or synthesis signals according to the read signals. A control unit is coupled to the optical pickup unit for controlling the optical pickup unit and decoding data recovered from the optical medium.

Abstract: A spare area allocation method for an optical disc and a disc drive implementing this method. The disc has a plurality of spare areas. When a defect is found, weights are given to the respective spare areas according to various conditions such as seek time comparison, existence of old defect and host instruction for the defect. By comparing the final weight of the respective spare areas, the available spare area with the greatest final weight is selected. A replacement for the defect is then allocated to the selected spare area. By using this method, when a new defect is found, the most appropriate one of the spare areas can be selected to assign a replacement for the defect.

Abstract: A spare area management method for a blu-ray rewritable disc and a disc drive implementing this method, as well as a novel blu-ray rewritable disc. The disc has a plurality of spare areas. According to the present invention, boundary of each spare area is found, and information thereabout such as a start address and size of each spare area are stored. Such boundary information is variable as the spare areas are used. In addition, the boundary information is written to the disc. Therefore, it is possible to more efficiently use the spare areas of the disc.

Abstract: A method of providing a defect list of a data storage media for a disc drive system. The defect list comprises a plurality of list entries. The method comprises dividing the list entries of the defect list into a plurality of groups, and providing at least one of the groups for the disc drive system.

Abstract: An optical storage system includes an optical pickup unit movable across an optical medium. The optical pickup unit has a light detector, a laser diode, and a laser driver signal processor circuit. The laser driver signal processor circuit includes a detected signal processing block for outputting read signals corresponding to light received at the light detector, and a read signal processing block for processing the read signals and generating control signals or synthesis signals according to the read signals. A control unit is coupled to the optical pickup unit for controlling the optical pickup unit and decoding data recovered from the optical medium. The optical storage system further includes encryption and decryption modules or error detection modules for securing commands and information sent between the control unit and the laser driver signal processor circuit against reverse engineering.