Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting system of alternate current light-emitting diodes (AC-LEDs). The system includes a first, a second and a third AC-LED modules, each two of them being electrically connected in parallel to one another and further electrically connected to a first, a second or a third phase voltage input terminal. The respective AC-LED modules include a first and a second LED modules. The system is further provided with rectifier circuits and multi-stage driver modules. The invention involves driving the AC-LED modules to emit light in an alternate manner using a three-phase AC power source, thereby reducing the flicker index, and further driving the first and the second LED modules to light up in different alternating orders, thereby rendering the light emission of the AC-LED lighting system substantially constant in terms of power and brightness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting system of alternate current light-emitting diodes (AC-LEDs). The system includes a first, a second and a third AC-LED modules, each two of them being electrically connected in parallel to one another and further electrically connected to a first, a second or a third phase voltage input terminal. The respective AC-LED modules include a first and a second LED modules. The system is further provided with rectifier circuits and multi-stage driver modules. The invention involves driving the AC-LED modules to emit light in an alternate manner using a three-phase AC power source, thereby reducing the flicker index, and further driving the first and the second LED modules to light up in different alternating orders, thereby rendering the light emission of the AC-LED lighting system substantially constant in terms of power and brightness.

Abstract: The present invention involves use of at least two unidirectional elements to provide flow paths for the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the AC power input, respectively, and the at least two LED modules are integrated in the flow path of the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle, respectively, and a multi-stage driver module is integrated, so that when the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle is conducting, the at least two LED modules are lit up in different alternating orders, thereby rendering the light emission of the at least two LED modules substantially identical in an AC power cycle in terms of power and brightness. The invention overcomes the problem of uneven brightness of the LED lighting apparatus using a conventional multi-stage driver device.

Abstract: The present invention involves utilizing AC power lines adapted for connection to an AC power source and a signal line to perform baseband signal transmission and communication. According to the invention, a threshold voltage is provided as a comparison reference for an AC input voltage to determine whether the communication is permitted. If the AC input voltage is greater than the threshold voltage, the communication is permitted. On the contrary, if the AC input voltage is smaller than the threshold voltage, the communication is not permitted. By virtue of the invention, the initiation time and the termination time of the baseband signal communication for each load tend to be substantially identical. Reliability is thus increased and noise interference problem is not created.

Abstract: The present invention involves use of at least two unidirectional elements to provide flow paths for the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the AC power input, respectively, and the at least two LED modules are integrated in the flow path of the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle, respectively, and a multi-stage driver module is integrated, so that when the positive half cycle or the negative half cycle is conducting, the at least two LED modules are lit up in different alternating orders, thereby rendering the light emission of the at least two LED modules substantially identical in an AC power cycle in terms of power and brightness. The invention overcomes the problem of uneven brightness of the LED lighting apparatus using a conventional multi-stage driver device.

Abstract: A method of forming emitter tips for use in a field emission display. A dielectric layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer are formed on a substrate in sequence. An annular groove is formed the conductive layer and the insulating layer. A tip cavity with an insulating tip within is formed by isotropic wet etching. A molybdenum metal layer is formed on the insulating tip. The method of the present invention can substantially reduce the consumption of molybdenum.

Abstract: A method of forming emitter tips for use in a field emission display. A dielectric layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer are formed on a substrate in sequence. An annular groove is formed the conductive layer and the insulating layer. A tip cavity with an insulating tip within is formed by isotropic wet etching. A molybdenum metal layer is formed on the insulating tip. The method of the present invention can substantially reduce the consumption of molybdenum.