Abstract: A receiver amplifier and also a receiver equalizer is provided for a three-level signaling system. The receiver amplifier includes a single current source that drives a current into node shared by three transistors arranged in parallel. A trio of input signals corresponds to the three transistors on a one-to-one basis. Each input signal drives the gate of its corresponding transistor. In addition, each transistor produces a corresponding output voltage at a terminal coupled to a resistor. The receiver equalizer includes three transistors and three corresponding equalizing pairs of a resistor and a capacitor. A terminal for the capacitor and for the resistor in each equalizing pair connects to a terminal of the corresponding transistor.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for calibration and correction of data communications over a multi-wire, multi-phase interface are disclosed. In particular, calibration is provided for data communication devices coupled to a 3-line interface. The calibration includes generating and transmitting a calibration pattern on the 3-line interface, where the generation of the pattern includes toggling two of three interface lines from one voltage level to another voltage level over a predetermined time interval. Furthermore, the generation of the pattern includes maintaining a remaining third interface line at a common mode voltage level over the predetermined time interval, wherein only a single transition occurs for the predetermined time interval. Calibration data may then be derived in a receiver device using the transmitted calibration pattern.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a display control method and apparatus for multimedia data, and belongs to the field of Internet technologies. The method includes: acquiring a ratio of a total real display count to a total planning display count corresponding to each display area within a first time period, determining the ratio as a data display rate of each display area within the first time period, and controlling, according to the data display rate of each display area within the first time period, multimedia data displayed in each display area. In the present disclosure, a data display rate of each display area within a first time period is acquired, and multimedia data displayed in each display area is controlled according to the data display rate of each display area within the first time period, so that stability of accuracy of a control result is improved, and a control effect is enhanced.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for monitoring and measuring signal characteristics for signals received over a multi-wire, multi-phase interface are disclosed. Signals present on each line of a 3-line communication interface are sampled using auxiliary samplers having a programmable time delay to delay the sampled signal by a set time, as well as a programmable voltage offset. The auxiliary sampler outputs are compared with direct line samples of signals on each of the three lines to generate error signals. From this comparison, an array of error signal data occurring over a particular sampling period may be generated. In turn, waveform characteristics can be determined from the error signal data, such as an eye-pattern. Furthermore, skew measurement may further be effectuated using the auxiliary samplers but determining the time difference of when the error signals of the different wires cross a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Data communication apparatus and methods for a multi-wire interface are disclosed. A half rate clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit derives a clock signal including pulses corresponding to symbols transmitted on a 3-wire interface, where the symbols are transmitted at a particular frequency with each of the symbols occurring over a unit interval (UI) time period. The first clock signal is input to a flip-flop logic included in a delay loop, and serves to trigger the first flip-flop logic. A second clock signal is generated using a programmable generator in the delay loop and has a frequency of a half UI and is fed back to a data input of the flip-flop. The output of the flip-flop is used as a recovered clock signal for the CDR at a half rate frequency. This design provides ease of timing control, a delay line without extra nonlinear-effects, and less hardware overhead.

Abstract: A method of collecting radiation information of a turbine blade, the method including: 1) collecting a radiated light from the surface of the turbine blade, analyzing the radiated light using a spectrometer to calculate compositions and corresponding concentrations of combustion gas; 2) calculating an absorption coefficient of the combustion gas at different concentrations; 3) calculating a total absorption rate of the combustion gas at different radiation wavelengths under different concentrations of component gases; 4) obtaining a relationship between the radiation and a wavelength; 5) finding at least 3 bands with a least gas absorption rate; 6) calculating a distance between a wavelength of a strongest radiation point of the turbine blade and the center wavelength, and selecting three central wavelengths closest to the wavelength with the strongest radiation; and 7) acquiring radiation data of the turbine blade in the windows obtained in 6).

Abstract: An infrared temperature-measurement probe, including: a probe housing; a reflector; and a reflector adjusting mechanism. The probe housing includes an inner wall, an outer wall, a cooling channel sandwiched between the inner wall and the outer wall, a chamber surrounded by the inner wall, and a light transmission hole communicating with the chamber. The reflector includes a mirror and a mirror frame. The reflector adjusting mechanism includes a motion controller, a drive coupling, and three control rods. The reflector and the three control rods are disposed in the chamber of the probe housing. The motion controller is disposed outside the chamber of the probe housing. The drive coupling is disposed between the motion controller and the three control rods, and the motion controller is adapted to move each of the three control rods via the drive coupling. The mirror is imbedded in and is supported by the mirror frame.

Abstract: A receiver amplifier and also a receiver equalizer is provided for a three-level signaling system. The receiver amplifier includes a single current source that drives a current into node shared by three transistors arranged in parallel. A trio of input signals corresponds to the three transistors on a one-to-one basis. Each input signal drives the gate of its corresponding transistor. In addition, each transistor produces a corresponding output voltage at a terminal coupled to a resistor. The receiver equalizer includes three transistors and three corresponding equalizing pairs of a resistor and a capacitor.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing undecylenic acid methyl ester using methyl ricinoleate as raw material are provided. The device comprises a feed pump, a raw material pre-heater, a microwave catalytic reactor, a microwave generator, a temperature controller and an infrared sensor, a condenser, a product tank and a discharge pump. The feed pump is connected with the raw material pre-heater, which is connected with the inlet of the microwave catalytic reactor. The outlet of the microwave catalytic reactor is connected with the condenser, which is connected to the product tank and the discharge pump. The microwave catalytic reactor is located in the microwave generator, which is connected with the temperature controller and the infrared sensor. The process is as follows: high-purity methyl ricinoleate, used as the raw material, is converted to methyl undecene and heptaldehyde by microwave-assisted pyrolysis process, followed by isolation and purification to produce methyl undecene.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for data communication over a multi-wire, multi-phase interface are disclosed. A method for calibrating a clock recovery circuit includes recovering a first clock signal from transitions between pairs of symbols representative of successive signaling states of a 3-wire interface, where each pair of symbols includes a first symbol and a second symbol, generating a second clock signal by delaying the first clock signal by a first delay value, generating a third clock signal by delaying the second clock signal, calibrating the second clock signal and the third clock signal by initializing the first delay value such that the first sampling circuit, the second sampling circuit and the third sampling circuit capture the same symbol in a first pair of symbols, and incrementally increasing the first delay value until the second sampling circuit and the third sampling circuit capture different symbols from each pair of symbols.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for data communication over a multi-wire, multi-phase interface are disclosed. A method for calibrating a clock recovery circuit includes recovering a first clock signal from transitions between pairs of symbols representative of successive signaling states of a 3-wire interface, where each pair of symbols includes a first symbol and a second symbol, generating a second clock signal by delaying the first clock signal by a first delay value, generating a third clock signal by delaying the second clock signal, calibrating the second clock signal and the third clock signal by initializing the first delay value such that the first sampling circuit, the second sampling circuit and the third sampling circuit capture the same symbol in a first pair of symbols, and incrementally increasing the first delay value until the second sampling circuit and the third sampling circuit capture different symbols from each pair of symbols.

Abstract: A novel method for catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein is provided. A fixed bed reactor is used, which is placed in a microwave unit. The feedstock is introduced into the fixed bed reactor after being preheated and gasified. Continuous glycerol dehydration occurs in the presence of a microwave-absorbing catalyst in the fixed bed reactor to form acrolein. The microwave-absorbing catalyst is composed of an active component loaded on a core-shell structure which consists of microwave absorbent coated by an oxide. The uniformity of microwave heating can reduce the formation of hot spot during the reaction and hence improve the catalyst stability. The process and operation is simple, and the unit can steadily run for a long time.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for data communication over a multi-wire, multi-phase interface are disclosed. A method of calibration includes configuring a 3-phase signal to include a high frequency component and a low frequency component during a calibration period, and transmitting a version of the 3-phase signal on each wire of a 3-wire interface. The version of the 3-phase signal transmitted on each wire is out-of-phase with the versions of the 3-phase signal transmitted on each of the other wires of the 3-wire interface. The 3-phase signal may be configured to enable a receiver to determine certain operating parameters of the 3-wire interface.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing undecylenic acid methyl ester using methyl ricinoleate as raw material are provided. The device comprises a feed pump, a raw material pre-heater, a microwave catalytic reactor, a microwave generator, a temperature controller and an infrared sensor, a condenser, a product tank and a discharge pump. The feed pump is connected with the raw material pre-heater, which is connected with the inlet of the microwave catalytic reactor. The outlet of the microwave catalytic reactor is connected with the condenser, which is connected to the product tank and the discharge pump. The microwave catalytic reactor is located in the microwave generator, which is connected with the temperature controller and the infrared sensor. The process is as follows: high-purity methyl ricinoleate, used as the raw material, is converted to methyl undecene and heptaldehyde by microwave-assisted pyrolysis process, followed by isolation and purification to produce methyl undecene.

Abstract: A novel method for catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein is provided. A fixed bed reactor is used, which is placed in a microwave unit. The feedstock is introduced into the fixed bed reactor after being preheated and gasified. Continuous glycerol dehydration occurs in the presence of a microwave-absorbing catalyst in the fixed bed reactor to form acrolein. The microwave-absorbing catalyst is composed of an active component loaded on a core-shell structure which consists of microwave absorbent coated by an oxide. The uniformity of microwave heating can reduce the formation of hot spot during the reaction and hence improve the catalyst stability. The process and operation is simple, and the unit can steadily run for a long time.

Abstract: Display control method and apparatus for multimedia data are provided. The method includes: acquiring a ratio of a total real display count to a total planning display count corresponding to each display area within a first time period, determining the ratio as a data display rate of each display area within the first time period, and controlling, according to the data display rate of each display area within the first time period, multimedia data displayed in each display area. A data display rate of each display area within a first time period is acquired, and multimedia data displayed in each display area is controlled according to the data display rate of each display area within the first time period, so that stability of accuracy of a control result is improved, and a control effect is enhanced.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for data communication over a multi-wire, multi-phase interface are disclosed. A method of data communication includes configuring a clock recovery circuit to provide a first clock signal that includes a pulse for each symbol transmitted on the interface, where symbols are transmitted on the interface at a first frequency, adjusting a loop delay of the clock recovery circuit to modify the first clock to have a second frequency that is no more than half the first frequency, where the clock recovery circuit generates a pulse in the first clock signal for a first of an integer number of symbols and suppresses pulse generation for other symbols in the integer number of symbols, configuring a clock generation circuit to provide a second clock signal, and capturing symbols from the interface using the first clock signal and the second clock signal.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for clock calibration are disclosed. A method for clock data recovery circuit calibration includes configuring a first clock recovery circuit to provide a clock signal that has a first frequency and that includes a single pulse for each symbol transmitted on a 3-wire, 3-phase interface, and calibrating the first clock recovery circuit by incrementally increasing a delay period provided by a delay element of the first clock recovery circuit until the clock signal provided by the first clock recovery circuit has a frequency that is less than the first frequency and, when the first clock recovery circuit has a frequency that is less than the first frequency, incrementally decreasing the delay period provided by the delay element of the first clock recovery circuit until the clock signal provided by the first clock recovery circuit has a frequency that matches the first frequency.

Abstract: Aspects disclosed in the detailed description include skew control for three-phase communication. A three-phase communication involves three signal branches. A signal skew may occur when one signal branch is being coupled to a common mode voltage while another signal branch is being decoupled from the common mode voltage. In this regard, in one aspect, an impedance mismatch is introduced in the signal branch being coupled to the common mode voltage to help shift a rightmost crossing of the signal skew leftward. In another aspect, a current source or a current sink is coupled to the signal branch being decoupled from the common mode voltage to help shift a leftmost crossing of the signal skew rightward. By shifting the rightmost crossing leftward and the leftmost crossing rightward, it is possible to reduce the signal skew, thus leading to reduced jitter and improved data integrity in the three-phase communication.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing undecylenic acid methyl ester using methyl ricinoleate as raw material are provided. The device comprises a feed pump, a raw material pre-heater, a microwave catalytic reactor, a microwave generator, a temperature controller and an infrared sensor, a condenser, a product tank and a discharge pump. The feed pump is connected with the raw material pre-heater, which is connected with the inlet of the microwave catalytic reactor. The outlet of the microwave catalytic reactor is connected with the condenser, which is connected to the product tank and the discharge pump. The microwave catalytic reactor is located in the microwave generator, which is connected with the temperature controller and the infrared sensor. The process is as follows: high-purity methyl ricinoleate, used as the raw material, is converted to methyl undecene and heptaldehyde by microwave-assisted pyrolysis process, followed by isolation and purification to produce methyl undecene.