Abstract: Various examples relate to an apparatus, device, method, and computer program for determining an integrity of a generated cryptographic signature. The apparatus is to generate, before generating the cryptographic signature, redundancy information of at least one cryptographic secret being used for generating the cryptographic signature, generate the cryptographic signature using the at least one cryptographic secret, compare, after generating the cryptographic signature, the redundancy information and the at least one cryptographic secret to determine whether the redundancy information matches the at least one cryptographic secret, and use the cryptographic signature if the redundancy information matches the at least one cryptographic secret.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for authenticating a device. A method may comprise: receiving from a server, a private key of a public-private key pair and a related certificate, wherein the certificate comprises a public key of the public-private key pair; authenticating the first device to the second device through a first Secure Shell session; transmitting to the second device, the certificate in response to a successful authentication of the first Secure Shell session; and authenticating the first device to the second device through a second Secure Shell session by using the public key.