Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an electric drive system for an electric or hybrid vehicle is described. In one example, the drive system is operated by suppling a pulsed torque current command while supplying a zero flux current command. The torque current command and the flux current command make up winding current commands for an electric machine.

Abstract: The invention provides a dynamic membrane reactor with function of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and an operation method thereof, and comprises a biological treatment system, a dynamic membrane loading system and an automatic system. The operation method comprises the following steps. (1) Before the formation of dynamic membrane, a porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as a cathode, a conductive precision filter screen is used as an anode, and aerobic denitrifying bacteria are inoculated into the dynamic membrane reactor under certain constant current density, hydraulic retention time and flux. (2) After the dynamic membrane is formed, the porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as the anode, the conductive precision filter screen is used as the cathode. And intermittent aeration is started at the anode under certain constant current density. (3) When the transmembrane pressure difference exceeds a certain range, hydraulic backwashing is performed under certain constant current density.

Abstract: The invention provides a dynamic membrane reactor with function of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and an operation method thereof, and comprises a biological treatment system, a dynamic membrane loading system and an automatic system. The operation method comprises the following steps. (1) Before the formation of dynamic membrane, a porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as a cathode, a conductive precision filter screen is used as an anode, and aerobic denitrifying bacteria are inoculated into the dynamic membrane reactor under certain constant current density, hydraulic retention time and flux. (2) After the dynamic membrane is formed, the porous filter for phosphorus removal is used as the anode, the conductive precision filter screen is used as the cathode. And intermittent aeration is started at the anode under certain constant current density. (3) When the transmembrane pressure difference exceeds a certain range, hydraulic backwashing is performed under certain constant current density.