Abstract: The present invention relates to a detection system for improving accuracy of hematocrit measurement and an operation control method. The detection system for hematocrit measurement comprises a central processing unit, an excitation source unit, a blood sample unit, a precise measurement circuit unit and a signal collecting unit. The present invention has the beneficial effects that the HCT measurement precision is improved by generating a sine wave by the excitation source unit and performing control by the central processing unit; the detection system of the present invention is simple and reliable, and implements precise measurement; and the measurement precision in the present invention is far greater than that of a conventional measurement technology and can be within 0.2%. Furthermore, due to a self-detection function, the measurement is quite reliable without the risk of resulting incorrect measurement data from a circuit failure.