Abstract: Provided in the present invention is a method for intelligent identification of rice growth potential based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring, the method including the following steps: obtaining rice plot images, labeling the images, establishing a deep convolutional neural network detection model, using the labeled rice plot images to optimize and train the model, inputting the rice plot images to be measured into the trained model, and detecting a location of a rice plot target frame in each image; selecting a target frame with the largest area in each rice plot image, and pre-processing a rice plot image in the target frame; and calculating a vegetation coverage rate of the pre-processed rice plot image, and determining a level of rice growth potential according to the vegetation coverage rate. Also provided in the present invention is a system for intelligent identification of rice growth potential based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring.