Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a method for eliminating a one-bit signal harmonic false target and a related component. In the method, dechirping, a frequency shift, one-bit quantization, AD sampling, and a Fourier transform are performed on an echo signal to obtain a frequency spectrum, and then constant false alarm rate detection is performed on the frequency spectrum, to obtain a distance of a real target and a distance of a false target. For the distance of the false target, a difference comparison is performed on multiple snapshot-based angle of arrival information and single snapshot-based angle of arrival information, a distance corresponding to an angle with the smallest angle difference is obtained from the single snapshot-based angle of arrival information, and the distance is used as the distance of the real target, thereby eliminating the false target and then reducing costs of data acquisition, transmission, storage, and processing.