Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for reporting buffered data. In one example method, a station (STA) generates a first frame, where the first frame includes first information, the first information includes time information, the time information indicates a first time, and a first buffered data packet needs to be sent within the first time. The STA sends the first frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. The method includes: generating, by a first multi-link device, a management frame, where the management frame includes a receiver address, a transmitter address, and link indication information, and the link indication information indicates that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and sending the management frame to a second multi-link device on a link on which a station indicated by the receiver address or a station indicated by the transmitter address operates.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to individually addressed traffic indication methods and apparatuses applicable to multiple links, for example, in a wireless local area network supporting an 802.11be standard. In an example method, a first access point (AP) of a first access point multi-link device (AP MLD) generates and sends individually addressed traffic indication information. The individually addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether a non-AP MLD associated with the first AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic and whether a non-AP MLD associated with a second AP MLD has a downlink individually addressed traffic. The second AP MLD is an AP MLD to which a non-transmitted AP belongs. The non-transmitted AP is in a multiple basic service set identifier (BSSID) set in which the first AP is located.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. The method includes: generating, by a first multi-link device, a management frame, where the management frame includes a receiver address, a transmitter address, and link indication information, and the link indication information indicates that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and sending the management frame to a second multi-link device on a link on which a station indicated by the receiver address or a station indicated by the transmitter address operates.

Abstract: A computer-aided method, based on at least one specification parameter, construction parameters are generated by a complex device by a trained neural network is provided. The neural network is trained based on reference data and operating data, wherein a non-insignificant part of the data is used for training from the iteration steps of the specialist. The reference data characterizes a plurality of complex devices which have been constructed or produced in the past and their respective at least one specification parameter and construction parameters thereof. The operating data characterizes the plurality of complex devices and their respective operating parameters which correspond to the respective construction parameters.

Abstract: A physical layer device configured to interface with a plurality of pairs of wires. The physical layer device includes a cable test module configured to transmit a pulse over the plurality of pairs of wires, measure a reflection of the pulse as received from the plurality of pairs of wires, and determine whether a short circuit exists in one of the plurality of pairs of wires based on the measure of the reflection of the pulse. An autonegotiation module is configured to perform autonegotiation to establish a link at a particular speed over the plurality of pairs of wires. The particular speed at which the link is established over the plurality of pairs of wires is based, at least in part, on whether a short circuit exists in one of the plurality of pairs of wires as determined by the cable test module.

Abstract: A network device including a physical layer (PHY) device and an autonegotiation module. The PHY device is configured to interface with N cable pairs, where N is greater than 1. The PHY device includes a cable test module configured to diagnose a short circuit in one of the N cable pairs. The autonegotiation module is configured to i) selectively perform autonegotiation to establish a link with a link partner at one of a first link speed and a second link speed that is lower than the first link speed, and ii) select between the first link speed and the second link speed in response to the cable test module diagnosing the short circuit.

Abstract: A network interface includes a physical layer (PHY) device that provides an interface to a cable. The PHY device includes an autonegotiation module that selectively performs autonegotiation to establish a link with a link partner based on link parameters and a cable test module that performs a cable test before the autonegotiation begins, that determines a cable performance parameter during the cable test, and that compares the cable performance parameter to a predetermined threshold. The autonegotiation module selects at least one of the link parameters based on the comparison.

Abstract: A physical layer device includes a cable test module that transmits a test pulse on a cable, measures a reflection amplitude, calculates a cable length, and determines a cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length. A frequency synthesizer selectively outputs a plurality of signals at a plurality of frequencies on one end of the cable. An insertion loss calculator receives the signals from an opposite end of the cable and estimates insertion loss based on the received signals.

Abstract: A cable tester that tests cable and that determines a cable status includes a pretest module that senses activity on pairs of the cable and that selectively enables testing based on the sensed activity. A test module is enabled by the pretest module, transmits a test pulse on one of the pairs, measures a reflection amplitude and calculates a cable length. The cable status includes an open status, a short status, and a normal status. The test module determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length. The test module measures received signals on at least one other pair after transmitting the test pulse on the one of the pairs, compares the received signals on the at least one other pair to a predetermined threshold, and determines a pair short status between the one of the pairs and the at least one other pair if the received signals exceed the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A physical layer device comprises a first port adapted to communicate with one end of a cable. A second port is adapted to communicate with an opposite end of a cable. A cable tester communicates with the first and second ports and selectively tests the cable to determine a cable status, which includes an open status, a short status, and a normal status. The cable tester includes a test module that transmits a test pulse on the cable, measures a reflection amplitude, calculates a cable length, and determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length. A frequency synthesizer selectively outputs a plurality of signals at a plurality of frequencies on the first port. An insertion loss calculator that receives the signals on the second port and that estimates insertion loss.

Abstract: A cable tester tests cable to determine a cable status. A mode selector selects one of a first operating mode and a second operating mode. A pretest module senses activity on the cable and selectively enables testing based on the sensed activity when in the first operating mode and enables testing when in the second operating mode. A test module is enabled by the pretest module, transmits a test pulse on the cable, measures a reflection amplitude and calculates a cable length. The cable status includes an open status, a normal status and a short status. The test module determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length.

Abstract: A physical layer device includes first, second, third and fourth twisted pairs. First, second, third and fourth hybrid devices communicate with the first, second, third and fourth twisted pairs, respectively. First, second, third and fourth cable testers communicate with the first, second, third and fourth hybrid devices, respectively. Each of the cable testers tests the first, second, third and fourth twisted pairs and determines a cable status of the first, second, third and fourth twisted pairs during first, second, third and fourth periods, respectively. At least one of the first, second, third and fourth periods overlaps another of the first, second, third and fourth periods.A cable testing system and method tests cable and determines status, cable length and reflection amplitude. The test module includes a pretest state machine that senses activity on the cable and enables testing if activity is not detected for a first period.

Abstract: A physical layer device communicates over a cable and includes a cable tester that determines a cable status, which includes an open status, a short status and a normal status. The cable tester includes a pretest module that senses activity on the cable and selectively enables testing based on the sensed activity. A test module is enabled by the pretest module, transmits a test pulse on the cable, measures a reflection amplitude, calculates a cable length, and determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length. A digital signal processor (DSP) communicates with the cable and that has a digital gain parameter. A cable length estimator communicates with the DSP and estimates cable length based on the digital gain parameter.

Abstract: A physical layer device including a first port and a second port comprises a cable tester that communicates with the first and second ports and that determines a cable status, which includes an open status, a short status, and a normal status. Opposite ends of a cable selectively communicate with the first and second ports. The cable tester includes a test module that transmits a test pulse on the cable, measures reflection amplitude, calculates a cable length, and determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length. A frequency synthesizer communicates with the cable and that selectively outputs a plurality of signals at a plurality of frequencies on the first port. An insertion loss calculator receives the signals on the second port and that estimates insertion loss.

Abstract: A cable tester tests cable to determine a cable status. The cable status includes an open status, a normal status and a short status. A pretest module senses activity on the cable and selectively enables testing based on said sensed activity. A test module is enabled by the pretest module, transmits a test pulse on the cable, measures a reflection amplitude and calculates a cable length. The test module determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length.

Abstract: A cable tester includes a pretest module that senses activity on a cable and selectively enables testing depending upon the sensed activity. A test module is enabled by the pretest module, transmits test pulses on the cable, measures a refelction amplitude, calculates a cable length, and determines a cable status based on the measures amplitude and the calculated cable length. A polarity detector communicates with the cable tester and detects a polarity of at least one pair of the cable. The test module senses activity on a first pair of the cable, enables testing if activity is not detected for a first period, and enables testing of the first pair if, during the first period, activity is detected on the first pair and is subsequently not detected on the first pair for a second period after the activity is detected.

Abstract: A physical layer device includes a cable tester that determines a cable status. A test module transmits a test pulse on the cable, measures reflection amplitude, calculates a cable length, and determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length. A first digital signal processor (DSP) communicates with a first pair of the cable and includes a first echo canceller having a finite impulse response (FIR) filter with taps and a first crosstalk canceller having a FIR filter with taps. A second DSP communicates with a second pair of the cable and includes a second echo canceller having a FIR filter with taps and a second crosstalk canceller having a FIR filter with taps. The cable tester calculates a distance to at least one of echo and crosstalk based on values of the taps of the first echo canceller and the second crosstalk canceller.

Abstract: A physical layer device communicates over a cable and includes a cable tester that determines a cable status. The cable tester includes a pretest module that senses activity on the cable. A test module transmits a test pulse on the cable, measures reflection amplitude, calculates a cable length, and determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length. A first digital signal processor (DSP) communicates with a first pair of the cable and includes a first echo canceller and a first finite impulse response filter with first taps. A second DSP communicates with a second pair of the cable and includes a second echo canceller and a second finite impulse response filter with second taps. At least one of the physical layer device and the cable tester estimates skew between the first and second pairs based on values of the first and second taps.

Abstract: A physical layer device is adapted to communicate with a cable medium and communicates with an indicator. The physical layer device includes a first input/output terminal, a first transceiver that communicates with the first input/output terminal that is adapted to be connected to a cable medium, and a cable tester that tests the cable medium and determines a cable status using a pretest module. The pretest module senses activity on the cable medium and enables testing if activity is not detected for a first period, and a test module that is enabled by said pretest module, transmits a test pilse on the cable medium, measures a reflection amplitude and calculates a cable length. The cable tester determines the cable status based on the measured amplitude and the calculated cable length, and the indicator indicates at least one of cable testing status during the test and the cable status after the trst.