Abstract: A reactor and method commonly applicable for high-pressure in-situ DSC and neutron tests of a gas hydrate relates to the field of characterization of physical and chemical properties of the gas hydrate. The reactor can not only carry out a high-pressure and low-temperature in-situ DSC test of the hydrate but also be suitable for a neutron diffraction test of the hydrate. The reactor can be adapted to an existing high-pressure and low-temperature in-situ DSC device without the need to re-develop a whole set of system, thus greatly reducing the replacement cost of the device. Owing to the sectional design, the flexibility and the applicability of the reactor can be ensured. Researchers can conveniently transport the hydrate in a pressure-maintaining manner. Even at a long distance, with the assistance of a liquid nitrogen tank or a vehicle-mounted refrigerator, it can be ensured that the hydrate may not be decomposed during transportation.

Abstract: A method for improving gas storage capacity of a natural gas hydrate based on a crystal regulation and control principle is provided. A II structure was formed on the basis that a thermodynamic additive slightly soluble or insoluble in water was added to a hydrate generation system to compromise the hydrate generation conditions, and a crystal structure of the hydrate generated in the system was then regulated and controlled to be a I-type methane hydrate by controlling temperature and pressure. Therefore, the method for improving gas storage capacity of a natural gas hydrate is provided to creatively and fundamentally solve the problem of low gas storage capacity in the thermodynamic additive system.

Abstract: A method for storing and transporting a hydrate with high natural gas storage capacity is provided. The method adopts a mode of generating the hydrate at a low temperature and storing the hydrate at a high temperature, and specifically includes: in a mode that a hydrate reaction tank is used as a transportation tank at the same time, introducing a mixed hydrate reaction liquid into the hydrate reaction tank matched with a transportation vehicle; introducing natural gas; enabling a hydrate generation reaction at a temperature of 273.65-283.15 K; in case of equilibrium of the reaction, heating to a temperature of less than or equal to 298.15 K for storage for long-distance transportation. By adopting the present method, the hydrate with high natural gas storage capacity can be synthesized within a relatively short period of time, and the hydrate can be safely, economically and efficiently transported to a destination.

Abstract: A method for regulating and controlling a generated crystal form of a natural gas hydrate is provided. A mixture composed of a salt substance, a surfactant, a water-soluble thermodynamic additive and water is introduced in a generation process of the natural gas hydrate. The salt substance and the surfactant also have a synergistic effect with a water-soluble thermodynamic accelerator. The addition of the salt substance and the surfactant can change a local solubility of the water-soluble thermodynamic additive in water, so that the regulating and controlling process of the hydrate crystal can be realized, thereby improving a hydrate gas storage capacity and solving the problem of low natural gas storage capacity in the generated natural gas hydrate in a water-soluble thermodynamic additive system.

Abstract: A production and transportation system for natural gas hydrates includes a gas storage reservoir, a plurality of hydrate storage and transportation tanks, a refrigerator, a pressure regulating valve, a liquid storage tank, a living quarter/surrounding user, a hydrate storage reservoir, a plurality of connecting pipes, a plurality of one-way gas valves, one-way liquid valves, and optional liquid pumps. The plurality of hydrate storage and transportation tanks are connected in parallel through the connecting pipes and then connected with an output end of the gas storage reservoir through the pressure regulating valve, the liquid storage tank is connected with the optional liquid pump and then sequentially connected with the plurality of hydrate storage and transportation tanks, and the plurality of hydrate storage and transportation tanks are connected in parallel and then connected with an input end of the living quarter/surrounding user through the optional liquid pump.

Abstract: A hydrate formation promoter and the use thereof in methane storage. The hydrate formation promoter is a mixed aqueous solution including cyclopentane, sodium dodecyl sulfate and water, wherein a volume fraction of the cyclopentane is 5% to 23.4% and a mass fraction of the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.01% to 0.08%. The hydrate formation promoter can realize effective and rapid formation of methane hydrate at approximate room temperature (25° C.), and can remain stable at higher temperatures.

Abstract: A hydrate formation promoter and the use thereof in methane storage. The hydrate formation promoter is a mixed aqueous solution including cyclopentane, sodium dodecyl sulfate and water, wherein a volume fraction of the cyclopentane is 5% to 23.4% and a mass fraction of the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.01% to 0.08%. The hydrate formation promoter can realize effective and rapid formation of methane hydrate at approximate room temperature (25° C.), and can remain stable at higher temperatures.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separation apparatus suitable for gas hydrate slurry, comprising an upper chamber, a middle chamber, and a lower chamber; a gas-phase outlet and a pressurizing unit are disposed in a top of the upper chamber, the middle chamber is provided with a material inlet and a wire mesh demister, and the lower chamber is provided with a liquid-phase outlet and a plurality of deflector baffles. The arrangement of divided chambers can reduce the degree of hydrate dissociation in the slurry (i.e., loss of the sought gas) and improve the separation efficiency. With the pressurizing unit, it facilitates the setting of the required pressure for gas-liquid separation without introducing a pressure maintaining valve in the subsequent separation process, prevents the hydrate in the slurry from dissociating in the apparatus, and allows rapid separation between the slurry and the gas.

Abstract: An apparatus and a combined process for carbon dioxide gas separation, combining the hydrate-based process with the chemical absorption process, which reduces secondary pollution and allows the efficient continuous separation of carbon dioxide gas without increasing the pressure and thereby the operating cost is reduced significantly. The apparatus and combined process can be applied in the separation of carbon dioxide in IGCC synthetic gas, natural gas and biogas, and address the issues of the existing processes such as high energy consumption, low throughput, and secondary pollution.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separation apparatus suitable for gas hydrate slurry, comprising an upper chamber, a middle chamber, and a lower chamber; a gas-phase outlet and a pressurizing unit are disposed in a top of the upper chamber, the middle chamber is provided with a material inlet and a wire mesh demister, and the lower chamber is provided with a liquid-phase outlet and a plurality of deflector baffles. The arrangement of divided chambers can reduce the degree of hydrate dissociation in the slurry (i.e., loss of the sought gas) and improve the separation efficiency. With the pressurizing unit, it facilitates the setting of the required pressure for gas-liquid separation without introducing a pressure maintaining valve in the subsequent separation process, prevents the hydrate in the slurry from dissociating in the apparatus, and allows rapid separation between the slurry and the gas.

Abstract: An apparatus and a combined process for carbon dioxide gas separation, combining the hydrate-based process with the chemical absorption process, which reduces secondary pollution and allows the efficient continuous separation of carbon dioxide gas without increasing the pressure and thereby the operating cost is reduced significantly. The apparatus and combined process can be applied in the separation of carbon dioxide in IGCC synthetic gas, natural gas and biogas, and address the issues of the existing processes such as high energy consumption, low throughput, and secondary pollution.

Abstract: A true processless lithographic printing precursor comprising a substrate, a layer of imaginable element on the substrate. The imaginable element comprising: (1) a substance capable of converting radiation into heat; (2) hydrophobic polymer particles and (3) hydrophilic polymer particles. The imaginable element can not be removed by water or fountain used for press when coated and dried, and becomes hydrophobic under the action of heat. The converter substance may be selected to have an absorption spectrum that is optimized to absorb at the wavelength of imaging radiation. The hydrophilic polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophobic monomer. Hydrophilic particles comprise major hydrophilic polymer and reject the ink or oil, and hydrophobic particles comprise major hydrophobic polymer and accept the ink or oil.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive medium comprises hydrophilic polymer particles, the particles comprising a thermally softenable hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer and a bonding compound capable of chemically bonding to the hydrophobic polymer and to the hydrophilic polymer. The radiation-sensitive medium further may comprise a substance capable of converting radiation into heat. The radiation-sensitive medium is aqueous-ineluable when coated and dried, and becomes hydrophobic under the action of heat. The polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophobic monomer and at least one bonding compound in the presence of the hydrophilic polymer. The radiation-sensitive medium may be provided as a coatable composition to be applied to substrates to form a processless radiation-imageable lithographic printing precursor, which may further be provided with an aqueous eluable hydrophilic overcoat.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive medium comprises hydrophilic polymer particles, the particles comprising a thermally softenable hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic polymer and a bonding compound capable of chemically bonding to the hydrophobic polymer and to the hydrophilic polymer. The radiation-sensitive medium further may comprise a substance capable of converting radiation into heat. The radiation-sensitive medium is aqueous-ineluable when coated and dried, and becomes hydrophobic under the action of heat. The polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophobic monomer and at least one bonding compound in the presence of the hydrophilic polymer. The radiation-sensitive medium may be provided as a coatable composition to be applied to substrates to form a processless radiation-imageable lithographic printing precursor, which may further be provided with an aqueous eluable hydrophilic overcoat.

Abstract: A processless lithographic printing precursor comprising a substrate, a layer of imaginable element on the substrate. The imaginable element comprising: (1) a substance capable of converting radiation into heat; (2) anionic polymer particles and (3) cationic polymer particles. The imaginable element can not be removed by water or fountain used for press when coated and dried, and becomes hydrophobic under the action of heat. The converter substance may be selected to have an absorption spectrum that is optimized to absorb at the wavelength of imaging radiation. The anionic polymer particles have an anionic surface and cationic polymer particles have a cationic surface. The processless lithographic printing precursor so created may be imaged using absorbed radiation that is imagewise converted to heat, resulting in areas of hydrophobic property, while unimaged areas retain their hydrophilic property.

Abstract: A method to obtain a lithographic printing master comprising: a) an imaginable element is formed from a radiation sensitive coating on a base, said coating comprising: (1) hydrophilic polymer particles; (2) hydrophobic polymer particles; and (3) a converter substance capable of converting radiation into heat; b) the imaginable element forms a hydrophilic layer on a base but it can not be removed by water or fountain used for press after coated and dried; c) image-wise or information-wise exposing to radiation, the hydrophilic imaginable element layer becomes hydrophobic for ink under the action of thermal laser and unexposed area remains hydrophilic for water. The converter substance may be selected to have an absorption spectrum that is optimized to absorb at the wavelength of imaging radiation. The hydrophilic polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophobic monomer.

Abstract: A method to obtain a lithographic printing master comprising: a) an imaginable element is formed from a radiation sensitive coating on a base, said coating comprising: (1) anionic polymer particles; (2) cationic polymer particles; and (3) a converter substance capable of converting radiation into heat; b) the imaginable element forms a hydrophilic layer on a base but it can not be removed by water or fountain used for press after coated and dried; c) image-wise or information-wise exposing to radiation, the hydrophilic imaginable element layer becomes hydrophobic for ink under the action of thermal laser and unexposed area remains hydrophilic for water. The converter substance may be selected to have an absorption spectrum that is optimized to absorb at the wavelength of imaging radiation. The anionic polymer particles have an anionic surface and cationic polymer particles have a cationic surface.

Abstract: A positive-working photosensitive composition for use in making an imageable element comprises one or more vinyl copolymers wherein said vinyl copolymer are homopolymer or copolymer containing monomers comprising at least two functional groups such as HOOC—C?C—CONH—R, and may further comprise a converter substance for converting radiation into heat. The converter substance may be selected to have an absorption spectrum that is optimized to absorb at the wavelength of imaging radiation. The composition may be coated onto a suitable substrate to create a lithographic printing precursor. The precursor may be imagewise irradiated with radiation and optionally developed with a developer liquid to produce a lithographic printing master. A positive-working lithographic printing precursor may be prepared using the composition.

Abstract: A positive-working photosensitive composition for use in making an imageable element comprises one or more vinyl copolymers wherein said vinyl copolymer are homopolymer or copolymer containing monomers comprising at least two functional groups such as HOOC—C?C—CONH—R, and may further comprise a converter substance for converting radiation into heat. The converter substance may be selected to have an absorption spectrum that is optimized to absorb at the wavelength of imaging radiation. The composition may be coated onto a suitable substrate to create a lithographic printing precursor. The precursor may be imagewise irradiated with radiation and optionally developed with a developer liquid to produce a lithographic printing master. A positive-working lithographic printing precursor may be prepared using the composition.

Abstract: A negative-working thermal imaginable element for use in making a lithographic printing plate precursor comprises hydrophilic polymer particles and hydrophobic polymer particles, and may further comprise a converter substance for converting radiation into heat. The converter substance may be selected to have an absorption spectrum that is optimized to absorb at the wavelength of imaging radiation. The negative-working thermal imaginable element may be applied onto a suitable substrate to create a lithographic printing precursor. The imaginable element can be imaged and developed on-press and it can also be sprayed onto a hydrophilic surface to create a printing surface that may be processed wholly on-press. The hydrophilic polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic polymer particles are made by polymerization of at least one hydrophobic monomer.