Abstract: A positive electrode active material may include a compound represented by formula 1 or formula 2: Li(1.333?0.667x?y)Mn(0.667?0.333x)NixA(y?a)MaO2 (1), Li(1.333?0.667x?z?a)Mn(0.667?0.333x?0.5y)Ni(x?0.5y+z)A(y+a?b)MbO2 (2). A is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof, M is W+6, Ta+5, V+5, or a combination thereof, 0<x<0.5, 0<y<0.333, 0<x<0.04, 0<x?0.5y+z<0.5, 0<y+a?b<0.333, and 0<b<0.04.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material may include a compound represented by formula 1 or formula 2: Li1.10Mn0.52Ni(0.38-x)A(x-a)MaO2 (1), Li1.12Mn0.51Ni(0.37-x)A(x-a)MaO2 (2). A is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof, M is W+6, Ta+5, V+5, or a combination thereof, 0<x<0.1, 0<a<0.04, and 3.8<average oxidation state of Mn ion<4.0.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a compound represented by formula 1: Li(1.333?0.667x?cz?ca)Mn(0.667?0.333x?0.5y)Ni(x?0.5y+cz)M(y+ca)O(2?b)Fb (1), wherein, 0<b<0.1, c=(0 or 1), 0.2<x<0.35, 0.04<y<0.09, 1<1.333?0.667x?cz?a<1.20, 0.5<0.667?0.333x?0.5y<0.667, 0.13<x?0.5y+cz<0.5, 0<y+ca<0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof. This positive electrode active material can be used within the context of a lithium-ion battery or a cell of a lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a compound represented by formula 1: Li(1.1+a)Mn(0.51+c)Ni(0.37?x)MxO(2?b)Fb (1), wherein M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof, 0?a?0.02, 0<b<0.01, 0?c?0.1, and 0<x<0.1. This positive electrode active material can be used within the context of a lithium-ion battery or a cell of a lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: A catalytic converter system having oxygen storage materials is disclosed and methods for determining whether to reactivate oxygen storage materials and monitoring failure events of the oxygen storage materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a compound represented by formula 1: wherein: M is Co or Cr; 2<average oxidation state of Ni ion<2.27; and 0<x<0.1.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a compound represented by formula 1: wherein: (Li+/[M3+ & Ni2+] substitution for Mn3+·M3+=Co3+ or Cr3+) 1 < 1.333 - 0.667 x - z - a < 1.333 0 < x - 0.5 y + z < 0.5 0 < y + a < 0.

Abstract: A catalytic converter system having oxygen storage materials is disclosed and methods for determining whether to reactivate oxygen storage materials and monitoring failure events of the oxygen storage materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic converter system having oxygen storage materials is disclosed and methods for determining whether to reactivate oxygen storage materials and monitoring failure events of the oxygen storage materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: An automotive catalytic converter includes a three-way catalyst having Rh as the only precious metal configured as a front zone and a three-way catalyst having a mixture of Rh and Pd, Pt, or both configured as a rear zone, such that an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine passes through the front zone before passing through the rear zone to minimize sulfur poisoning of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A catalytic converter system having oxygen storage materials is disclosed and methods for determining whether to reactivate oxygen storage materials and monitoring failure events of the oxygen storage materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: An automotive catalytic converter includes a three-way catalyst having Rh as the only precious metal configured as a front zone and a three-way catalyst having a mixture of Rh and Pd, Pt, or both configured as a rear zone, such that an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine passes through the front zone before passing through the rear zone to minimize sulfur poisoning of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: This catalyst system simultaneously removes ammonia and enhances net NOx conversion by placing an NH3-SCR catalyst formulation downstream of a lean NOx trap. By doing so, the NH3-SCR catalyst adsorbs the ammonia from the upstream lean NOx trap generated during the rich pulses. The stored ammonia then reacts with the NOx emitted from the upstream lean NOx trap-enhancing the net NOx conversion rate significantly, while depleting the stored ammonia. By combining the lean NOx trap with the NH3-SCR catalyst, the system allows for the reduction or elimination of NH3 and NOx slip, reduction in NOx spikes and thus an improved net NOx conversion during lean and rich operation.

Abstract: A method for controlling emissions from an engine includes reducing trapped nitrogen oxides to ammonia on an LNT catalyst while concurrently oxidizing soot accumulated on the LNT catalyst, and, flowing the ammonia so formed to an SCR catalyst.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, a urea-resistant catalytic unit is provided. In at least one embodiment, the catalytic unit includes a catalyst having a catalyst surface, and a urea-resistant coating in contact with at least a portion of the catalyst surface, wherein the urea-resistant coating effectively reduces urea-induced deactivation of the catalyst. In at least another embodiment, the urea-resistant coating includes at least one oxide from the group consisting of titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconium oxide, molybdenum oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, sulfur oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, yttrium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for controlling emissions from an engine includes reducing trapped nitrogen oxides to ammonia on an LNT catalyst while concurrently oxidizing soot accumulated on the LNT catalyst, and, flowing the ammonia so formed to an SCR catalyst.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, a urea-resistant catalytic unit is provided. In at least one embodiment, the catalytic unit includes a catalyst having a catalyst surface, and a urea-resistant coating in contact with at least a portion of the catalyst surface, wherein the urea-resistant coating effectively reduces urea-induced deactivation of the catalyst.

Abstract: This catalyst system simultaneously removes ammonia and enhances net NO, conversion by placing an NH3-SCR catalyst formulation downstream of a lean NOx trap. By doing so, the NH3-SCR catalyst adsorbs the ammonia from the upstream lean NOx trap generated during the rich pulses. The stored ammonia then reacts with the NOx emitted from the upstream lean NOx trap—enhancing the net NOx conversion rate significantly, while depleting the stored ammonia. By combining the lean NOx trap with the NH3-SCR catalyst, the system allows for the reduction or elimination of NH3 and NOx slip, reduction in NOx spikes and thus an improved net NOx conversion during lean and rich operation.

Abstract: A method for controlling emissions from an engine includes reducing trapped nitrogen oxides to ammonia on an LNT catalyst while concurrently oxidizing soot accumulated on the LNT catalyst, and, flowing the ammonia so formed to an SCR catalyst.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, a urea-resistant catalytic unit is provided. In at least one embodiment, the catalytic unit includes a catalyst having a catalyst surface, and a urea-resistant coating in contact with at least a portion of the catalyst surface, wherein the urea-resistant coating effectively reduces urea-induced deactivation of the catalyst. In at least another embodiment, the urea-resistant coating includes at least one oxide from the group consisting of titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconium oxide, molybdenum oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, sulfur oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, yttrium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and combinations thereof.