Abstract: The invention discloses means and methods for genotyping an individual head of cattle. Individual's DNA is genotyped utilising the herein defined PCR SNaPshot protocol. The protocol comprises two PCR steps where the first step (PCR1) includes adding primers (SEQ ID No. 1-30) and/or primers extended at their 5? end with a common 10 base motif (ACGTTGGATG) to the PCR1 reaction. The second step (PCR2) includes adding extension primers (SEQ ID No. 31-45), and/or primers adjacent to corresponding specific SNPs. Further steps include producing amplicons from a PCR1 mixture comprising template DNA and the first primer set to yield PCR1 products, using PCR1 products as templates to a set of extension primers to yield PCR2 products. Size and colour separation is achieved by adding tails of different lengths to the PCR2 primers. PCR2 products are separated and the results compared with SNP profiles from the databank to obtain matching.

Abstract: The invention discloses means and methods for genotyping an individual head of cattle. Individual's DNA is genotyped utilizing the herein defined PCR SNaP-shot protocol. The protocol comprises two PCR steps where the first step (PCR1) includes adding primers (SEQ ID No. 1-30) and/or primers extended at their 5? end with a common 10 base motif (ACGTTGGATG) to the PCR1 reaction. The second step (PCR2) includes adding extension primers (SEQ ID No. 31-45), and/or primers adjacent to corresponding specific SNPs. Further steps include producing amplicons from a PCR1 mixture comprising template DNA and the first primer set to yield PCR1 products, using PCR1 products as templates to a set of extension primers to yield PCR2 products. Size and color separation is achieved by adding tails of different lengths to the PCR2 primers. PCR2 products are separated and the results compared with SNP profiles from the databank to obtain matching.

Abstract: The invention discloses means and methods for genotyping an individual head of cattle. Individual's DNA is genotyped utilising the herein defined PCR SNaP-shot protocol. The protocol comprises two PCR steps where the first step (PCR1) includes adding primers (SEQ ID No. 1-30) and/or primers extended at their 5? end with a common 10 base motif (ACGTTGGATG) to the PCR1 reaction. The second step (PCR2) includes adding extension primers (SEQ ID No. 31-45), and/or primers adjacent to corresponding specific SNPs. Further steps include producing amplicons from a PCR1 mixture comprising template DNA and the first primer set to yield PCR1 products, using PCR1 products as templates to a set of extension primers to yield PCR2 products. Size and colour separation is achieved by adding tails of different lengths to the PCR2 primers. PCR2 products are separated and the results compared with SNP profiles from the databank to obtain matching.

Abstract: Retrievable quality assurance certifying means are associated with products by providing a plurality of specification records characterizing a product's quality profile, compiling a plurality of standard records comprising predetermined parameters adapted to characterize said product's quality standard by a commercially independent Quality Assurance Authority, logging a predetermined set of parameters in a plurality of documentation records, storing the specification, standard and documentation records in a central product quality database, and, wherein all the logged parameters are found tolerated within the product's quality standard adapted by the Quality Assurance Authority, associating the product or the product's package with a retrievable quality assurance certifying means. The product's quality assurance verification is further established through a unique identifier associated with said certifying means to enable traceability of the product and it's ingredients/production process.