Abstract: A navigation system based on a web server that provides a client with a map of a destination having an associated dataform encoding an indication of the destination. A navigator is provided that includes a GPS receiver receiving signals from one or more satellites, a memory storing navigational data, a dataform reader that extracts a destination from the dataform, and a processor that calculates a route to the destination extracted by the dataform reader.

Abstract: Optical devices with versatile spectral attributes are provided that are implemented with one or more modulated and homogeneous layers to realize leaky-mode resonance operation and corresponding versatile spectral-band design. The first and/or higher multiple evanescent diffraction orders are applied to excite one or more leaky modes. The one- or two-dimensional periodic structure, fashioned by proper distribution of materials within each period, can have a resulting symmetric or asymmetric profile to permit a broadened variety of resonant leaky-mode devices to be realized. Thus, the attributes of the optical device permit, among other things, adjacent, distinct resonance frequencies or wavelengths to be produced, convenient shaping of the reflection and transmission spectra for such optical device to be accomplished, and the wavelength resonance locations to be precisely controlled so as to affect the extent to which the leaky modes interact with each other.