Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide service identifier-based data indexing. An example method performed by a data indexing apparatus of a centralized database service provider that stores data by using a blockchain-type ledger includes obtaining a service identifier and a service label of a data record, the service identifier uniquely identifying a service attribute of the data record, and the service label representing a type of the data record; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain-type ledger, the location information including a block height of a data block that includes the data record, and a positional offset of the data record in the data block that includes the data record; establishing a mapping relationship among the service identifier, the service label, and the location information; and writing the mapping relationship into an index for which a primary key is the service identifier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing transaction requests in ledger systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing transaction requests in ledger systems.

Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide signature verification methods and apparatuses for a blockchain ledger. An example method includes receiving by a server, a signature verification instruction that comprises a verification object parameter and a hash value. The verification object parameter includes a third-party parameter, a platform parameter, or a time service certificate parameter, the verification object parameter indicates a type of a to-be-verified object, and the server is configured to store data by using the blockchain ledger. The server obtains the to-be-verified object based on the verification object parameter and the hash value. The type of the to-be-verified object includes a third-party digital signature, a server digital signature, or a time service certificate. The server sends the to-be-verified object to a client for verification by the client.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes: transmitting a timestamp request for a to-be-timestamped block in a blockchain to a trust time server by a ledger server in a centralized ledger system that stores data in the blockchain, the trust time server being associated with a trust time authority and independent from the centralized ledger system, the blockchain including a plurality of blocks storing transaction data, receiving a timestamp and associated signature for the to-be-timestamped block from the trust time server by the ledger server, and storing information of the timestamp and the associated signature for the to-be-timestamped block in the blockchain by the ledger server.

Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide service identifier-based data indexing. An example method performed by a data indexing apparatus of a centralized database service provider that stores data by using a blockchain-type ledger includes obtaining a service identifier and a service label of a data record, the service identifier uniquely identifying a service attribute of the data record, and the service label representing a type of the data record; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain-type ledger, the location information including a block height of a data block that includes the data record, and a positional offset of the data record in the data block that includes the data record; establishing a mapping relationship among the service identifier, the service label, and the location information; and writing the mapping relationship into an index for which a primary key is the service identifier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing transaction requests in ledger systems.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to blockchain-type storage of receipt data. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a to-be-stored data record including a first service attribute. Execution information of the to-be-stored data record is determined. A previous data record is obtained from a blockchain-type ledger. The previous data record includes a second service attribute that is the same as the first service attribute. Each data block in the blockchain-type ledger includes a block header and a block body. A hash value of the previous data record is determined. A receipt record is generated. The receipt record includes the hash value of the previous data record and the execution information of the to-be-stored data record. The to-be-stored data record and the receipt record are written into a same block body in the blockchain-type ledger.

Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide signature verification methods and apparatuses for a blockchain ledger. An example method includes receiving by a server, a signature verification instruction that comprises a verification object parameter and a hash value. The verification object parameter includes a third-party parameter, a platform parameter, or a time service certificate parameter, the verification object parameter indicates a type of a to-be-verified object, and the server is configured to store data by using the blockchain ledger. The server obtains the to-be-verified object based on the verification object parameter and the hash value. The type of the to-be-verified object includes a third-party digital signature, a server digital signature, or a time service certificate. The server sends the to-be-verified object to a client for verification by the client.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing transaction requests in ledger systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing transaction requests in ledger systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing transaction requests in ledger systems.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for performing authentication includes: determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in a set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate including the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature.

Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide service identifier-based data indexing. An example method performed by a data indexing apparatus of a centralized database service provider that stores data by using a blockchain-type ledger includes obtaining a service identifier and a service label of a data record, the service identifier uniquely identifying a service attribute of the data record, and the service label representing a type of the data record; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain-type ledger, the location information including a block height of a data block that includes the data record, and a positional offset of the data record in the data block that includes the data record; establishing a mapping relationship among the service identifier, the service label, and the location information; and writing the mapping relationship into an index for which a primary key is the service identifier.

Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide signature verification methods and apparatuses for a blockchain ledger. An example method includes receiving by a server, a signature verification instruction that comprises a verification object parameter and a hash value. The verification object parameter includes a third-party parameter, a platform parameter, or a time service certificate parameter, the verification object parameter indicates a type of a to-be-verified object, and the server is configured to store data by using the blockchain ledger. The server obtains the to-be-verified object based on the verification object parameter and the hash value. The type of the to-be-verified object includes a third-party digital signature, a server digital signature, or a time service certificate. The server sends the to-be-verified object to a client for verification by the client.

Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide service identifier-based data indexing. An example method performed by a data indexing apparatus of a centralized database service provider that stores data by using a blockchain-type ledger includes obtaining a service identifier and a service label of a data record, the service identifier uniquely identifying a service attribute of the data record, and the service label representing a type of the data record; determining location information of the data record in the blockchain-type ledger, the location information including a block height of a data block that includes the data record, and a positional offset of the data record in the data block that includes the data record; establishing a mapping relationship among the service identifier, the service label, and the location information; and writing the mapping relationship into an index for which a primary key is the service identifier.

Abstract: Implementations of this specification provide signature verification methods and apparatuses for a blockchain ledger. An example method includes receiving by a server, a signature verification instruction that comprises a verification object parameter and a hash value. The verification object parameter includes a third-party parameter, a platform parameter, or a time service certificate parameter, the verification object parameter indicates a type of a to-be-verified object, and the server is configured to store data by using the blockchain ledger. The server obtains the to-be-verified object based on the verification object parameter and the hash value. The type of the to-be-verified object includes a third-party digital signature, a server digital signature, or a time service certificate. The server sends the to-be-verified object to a client for verification by the client.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to blockchain-type storage of receipt data. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a to-be-stored data record including a first service attribute. Execution information of the to-be-stored data record is determined. A previous data record is obtained from a blockchain-type ledger. The previous data record includes a second service attribute that is the same as the first service attribute. Each data block in the blockchain-type ledger includes a block header and a block body. A hash value of the previous data record is determined. A receipt record is generated. The receipt record includes the hash value of the previous data record and the execution information of the to-be-stored data record. The to-be-stored data record and the receipt record are written into a same block body in the blockchain-type ledger.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes: receiving timestamps and associated signatures from an independent trust time server associated with a trust time authority by a centralized ledger server in a centralized ledger system, storing the timestamps and the associated signatures in a centralized trust timestamp blockchain that stores trust timestamp information of the trust time server for the centralized ledger system that stores data in blockchains each including a plurality of blocks, receiving a timestamp request for a block of a blockchain from a ledger server associated with the blockchain by the centralized ledger server, and transmitting a timestamp and associated signature that is stored in the timestamp blockchain and corresponds to the timestamp request to the ledger server by the centralized ledger server.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for performing authentication includes: determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in a set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate including the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature.