Abstract: A fluid sensor is constructed to have a pair of electrodes whereas between electrodes there are not additional materials designated to adsorb analytes if their concentrations are high, or there are adsorbents if the analyte concentrations are low. An alternating current voltage of varying frequencies is applied to the electrodes of the sensor by an alternating current device. In return, it detects electrical properties such as impedance and its components, reactance, resistance, and phase angles of the sensor with analytes whereas the analytes reside in or pass through the electrodes at each frequency. Thus a spectrum of electrical properties of the analyte can be established at various applied frequencies. The electrical properties are analyzed by a pattern recognition process, and compared with those of the known fluids. Therefore, the fluid can be detected and identified. A reference sensor is provided with the same configuration of the fluid sensor.

Abstract: A sensor instrument system for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids of a region comprising a local sensor instrument and remote central station. The instrument is comprised of a core technology employing a single sensor having two electrodes operated by an electrical frequency sweeping to generate two sets of patterned electrical information from a single measurement, a data transmission module and a GPS receiver module. The central station connects to a network means connected to a plurality of local receiving sites equipped with including the respective transceivers, so that the local analyte electrical information and geographic position information transmitted by the instrument can be wirelessly and remotely received and processed by the central station.

Abstract: A flame heat transfer regulating apparatus including an inner hollow shell and outer wall incorporated with a burner having improved burner ports for a gas stove to increase the flame heating efficiency in cooking. The shell is an ascending wall including a smaller sized bottom opening and a larger sized top opening. A plurality of air passages are through the shell, wherein the air passages are more densely distributed onto a lower part, and are less densely distributed onto an upper part of the shell. The outer wall includes a plurality of air passages therethrough and multiple extensions projecting upwardly spaced on a top of the wall, wherein one extension is served to prevent undesirable heating of a handle of an utensil. The inner shell and outer wall are positioned on the gas stove cooktop. The shell is positioned to surround an upper section of the burner, where the improved burner ports are positioned. The outer wall is positioned to surround the inner shell.

Abstract: Methods for detecting oil conditions including a top oil level in an oil system which is reduced to a top level of a threshold amount of the oil, a normal oil deterioration which occurs in the absence of water having a confirmed remaining oil usage, and an abnormal oil deterioration which occurs in the presence of water. The methods comprise a first preferred embodiment which applies a reference and sensing capacitors to obtain a measured temperature compensated electrical property of an oil in use. From which a quantitatively measured remaining usage is obtained so as to a predicted one for the oil. Therefore, the respective top oil level, or the normal or the abnormal oil deterioration can be concluded according to the measured remaining usage which is respectively larger than, or similar to, or less than the predicted one for the oil. A second preferred embodiment only includes the sensing capacitor for obtaining the measured property of the oil.

Abstract: A fluid sensor is constructed to has a pair of electrodes whereas between electrodes there are not additional materials designated to adsorb analytes if their concentrations are high, or there are absorbents if the analyte concentrations are low. An alternating current voltage of varying frequencies is applied to the electrodes of the sensor by an alternative current device. In return, it detects electrical properties such as impedance and its components, reactance, resistance, and phase angles of the sensor with analytes whereas the analytes reside in or pass through the electrode at each frequency. Thus a spectrum of electrical property of the analyte can be established at various applied frequencies. The electrical properties are analyzed by a pattern recognition process, and compared with those of the known fluid. Therefore, the fluid can be detected and identified. A reference sensor is provided with the same configuration of the fluid sensor.

Abstract: A flame heat regulating apparatus for a cooktop of a gas stove, comprising an inner hollow shell and an outer wall which are both placed onto the stove cooktop. The shell further positioned to surround a gas burner is arcuate in shape, having a smaller sized bottom side and a larger sized top side. A plurality of air passages are through the shell, wherein the air passages are more densely distributed onto a lower part of the shell, as compared with the air passages which are less densely distributed onto an upper part of the shell. The outer wall further positioned to surround the shell is comprised of a plurality of air passages which are evenly distributed therethrough. In addition, a plurality of extensions projecting upwardly are spaced on a top side of the wall to support a cookware. Application of the flame heat regulating apparatus enables increase of heating efficiency of the flame in cooking, and prevents undesirable heating of a handle of the cookware.