Abstract: This application relates to an apparatus and method for generating a jamming signal, and a communication system. In one aspect, the method may include converting binary bits of a first communication signal to be transmitted and obtaining at least one codeword matched previously to the binary bits. The method may also include generating a second communication signal by superimposing a first conversion signal being obtained by converting the first communication signal to an up-chirp signal and a second conversion signal being obtained by converting the first communication signal to a down-chirp signal. The method further include generating a pseudo jamming signal by computing the second communication signal and the codeword.

Abstract: A curved optical device includes a pair of initially flat opposed flexible substrates that may have a fluid material with spacers disbursed therein disposed between the pair of substrates and sealed. The substrates have a uniform controlled distance therebetween. The substrates are permanently curved by applying heat and pressure with a mold while maintaining the controlled distance therebetween. The fluid material maybe a liquid crystal to provide the optical device with enhanced optical properties.

Abstract: A curved optical device includes a pair of initially flat opposed flexible substrates that may have a fluid material with spacers disbursed therein disposed between the pair of substrates and sealed. The substrates have a uniform controlled distance therebetween. The substrates are permanently curved by applying heat and pressure with a mold while maintaining the controlled distance therebetween. The fluid material maybe a liquid crystal to provide the optical device with enhanced optical properties.

Abstract: A curved optical device includes a pair of initially flat opposed flexible substrates that may have a fluid material with spacers disbursed therein disposed between the pair of substrates and sealed. The substrates have a uniform controlled distance therebetween. The substrates are permanently curved by applying heat and pressure with a mold while maintaining the controlled distance therebetween. The fluid material may be a liquid crystal to provide the optical device with enhanced optical properties.

Abstract: A curved optical device includes a pair of initially flat opposed flexible substrates that may have a fluid material with spacers disbursed therein disposed between the pair of substrates and sealed. The substrates have a uniform controlled distance therebetween. The substrates are permanently curved by applying heat and pressure with a mold while maintaining the controlled distance therebetween. The fluid material may be a liquid crystal to provide the optical device with enhanced optical properties.